The aim of the study is to evaluate the possibilities of osteomyelitis radiology treatment in children and adolescents. Material and methods. The analysis of the scientific literature over the last 6 years using the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Medscape and eLIBRARY. The 56 modern publications in Russian and English are singled out, and 14 of them are included in the analysis. Results. Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis is one of the most common infections that occur in children. Successful treatment of this disease resulted in a decrease in the mortality rate of children from 45.0 % to 8.4 %, but the number of relapses and its complications reached 68.0 %. The transition of the acute process to the subacute and chronic stages is about 40.6 % and represents a completely new disease with the development of severe orthopedic complications. The proportion of complications of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis such as growth disorder of various segments of the extremities ranges from 3.0 % to 6.0 %, which is caused by damage to the growth zones and orthopedic complications.

The aim of the study is to analyze epidemiological aspects of atrial fibrillation and its preventive measures across the Russian Federation based on literature review. Material and methods. The search is conducted in the following databases: MedMir, Medline, electronic catalogue “Russian Medicine” and the Federal Electronic
Medical Library. The search includes such keywords as atrial fibrillation, epidemiology, register, antithrombotic therapy, stroke prevention in Russia. Data over the last 12 years are examined. Results. The results of the Russian studies of pathology prevalence, a relationship between atrial fibrillation and other cardiovascular risk factors, and the adverse effect of arrhythmia on the prognosis are shown. The character of antithrombotic therapy in Russian registers is studied separately. The significant differences in the frequency of prescribing anticoagulants in various regions of the Russian Federation and the low efficacy of warfarin therapy are presented. That indicates unsatisfactory stroke prevention during atrial fibrillation in Russia.

The aim of the study is to establish the epidemiological features of cystic fibrosis (CF) in children and its clinical pathomorphism in conditions of early disease diagnosis following the newborn screening over a period of 2012-2018 in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Ugra (KhMAO). Material and methods. A retrospective cohort comparative analysis of CF patients within the regional register of the KhMAO in 2012-2018 is carried out. The comparative study of clinical, laboratory and functional parameters of patients with and without newborn screening is made. Results. The long-term average annual incidence rate is 0.18, the prevalence rate is 3.00, the mortality rate is 0.009 per 100 000 population, the birth rate of children with CF is one per 9 025 newborns. After the newborn screening, an earlier diagnosis of CF during the first year of life and a more favorable clinical course of CF in terms of nutritional status and functional state of the lungs are noted, which required less prolonged courses of antibiotics, bronchodilators and inhaled steroids.

The aim of the study is to determine the features of anamnesis, course of pregnancy, and delivery outcomes in women with fetal growth restriction depending on the period of its manifestation. Material and methods. The presented cross-sectional study includes 143 pregnant women, 91 of whom had early-onset and 52 had late-onset fetal growth restriction. The features of anamnesis, course of pregnancy, and delivery outcomes are analyzed. Results. The course of pregnancy with early-onset fetal growth restriction is significantly more often accompanied by the presence of signs of chromosomal abnormalities during the prenatal screening, oligohydramnios, persistent and critical hemodynamic disorders in the "mother - placenta - fetus" system, severe pre-eclampsia, and high perinatal mortality rate.

The aim of the study is to establish the predictive value of risk factors and develop a score for the likelihood of pneumonia development in children with cerebral palsy. Material and methods. A prospective cohort comparative analysis of the clinical and medical history and parameters of the morphological and functional state of the diaphragm is made. The study includes 56 children (0-14 years) with cerebral palsy (CP) in combination with pneumonia and 23 children of the same age group with CP without a history of pneumonia. To search for predictors of pneumonia in CP, the operational characteristics of the diagnostic test are determined: sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, diagnostic efficiency. A sequential diagnostic procedure is used. Results. Somatic, specific for CP, as well as environmental and social predictors of pneumonia in this neurological disease, are established. A table for scoring the likelihood of pneumonia development in a child with CP is developed, the use of which proves its high sensitivity and specificity in a separate group of children with CP (n = 82).

The aim of the study is to analyze short-term and long-term results of surgical treatment of patients with hiatal hernia complicated by gastroesophageal reflux disease. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of treatment results of 109 patients suffering from hiatal hernia complicated by gastroesophageal reflux disease is made. All patients underwent laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair and Nissen fundoplication. Results. The duration of the hospital stay on average is 7.2 ± 1.6 days. Postoperative complications rate is 8.3 %. Mild functional dysphagia is noted in 22 (20.2 %) patients. Persistent long-term dysphagia in the late postoperative period is observed in 8 (7.3 %) patients. The recurrences of hiatal hernia or gastroesophageal reflux disease are revealed in 19 (17.4 %) patients in 5 years after surgery. The GERD-HRQL questionnaire total score in 5 years after surgery is 5.7 ± 3.9.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the indicators of the malignancy index (RMI) in the differential diagnostics of benign, borderline and malignant ovarian tumors. Material and methods. The study includes 90 cases randomly selected from 746 cases using a random number generator. The cases are provided by the Oncology Unit of the Surgut Regional Clinical Hospital over the period 2008-2018. Patients with benign (30), borderline (30) and malignant (30) ovarian tumors are analyzed. Based on a comprehensive analysis, the calculation of the malignancy index (RMI) is performed. Results. The results evaluation of risk stratification of ovarian cancer, when calculating the prognostic RMI index in patients with borderline and malignant ovarian tumors, shows that the index has high prognostic value both in the period before menopause (p = 0.0000034) and in postmenopause (p = 0.0000041) and is an important method for the differential diagnostics of neoplastic ovarian pathology.

The aim of the study is to assess the degree of fixation and microbiological characteristics of removable dentures during orthopedic rehabilitation of patients. Material and methods. Patients with different duration of wearing removable laminar dentures are examined. The fixation index of the removable denture and the features of the prosthesis microbiome are determined. Results. The data indicate a deterioration in the degree of fixation of removable laminar dentures, an increase in the concentration of the microbiome, and pathogenic yeast (Candida albicans) with an increase in the duration of use removable dentures.

The aim of the study is to analyze the contemporary literature to determine the prevalence of complicated course and adverse pregnancy outcomes with gene polymorphisms of the blood coagulation system. Material and methods. The analysis of literary sources in the Cochrane, PubMed, eLIBRARY and Scopus databases for the last 10 years is carried out. The search is conducted by keywords: adverse pregnancy outcomes, thrombophilia, polymorphisms, miscarriage, intrauterine growth retardation, intrauterine fetal death, premature detachment of a normally located placenta, etc. Results. The prevalence of gene polymorphisms of hemostasis varies in European and Asian populations. It is still unclear why some carriers of thrombophilic genes experience complications, while others do not. A more systematic approach to the study is necessary, taking into account anamnesis, comorbid background, lifestyle, etc. Gene polymorphisms of blood coagulation are likely to have some ethnic specificity, which is of particular interest in such a multinational state as the Russian Federation.

The aim of the study is to determine the position of the genome-wide association study as a method associated with a risk increase of breast cancer development in the clinical practice. Material and methods. The literature search is conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and other databases. The keywords used for the search are breast cancer, genome-wide association study (GWAS), polygenic risk score. The search depth is 10 years. Results. Breast cancer is the most common oncological disease in women worldwide. For the identification of genetic variants, causing breast cancer, it is possible to use the genome-wide association study. Furthermore, the search data allows composing polygenic risk scores, dividing women into groups for treatment and choosing preventive measures that are most effective for each particular type of cancer.

The aim of the study is to analyze the literature data of genetic predictors of early and late pre-eclampsia in terms of evidence-based medicine and to determine pathogenetic approaches to its treatment. Material and methods. A review of the literature in the databases PubMed, eLIBRARY, Cochrane and Srapus over the past 10 years is made. The search is carried out by keywords: pre-eclampsia, interleukins 1p and 6 (IL1P, IL6), tumour necrosis factor-а (TNF-а), toll-like receptor 4, genes of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, genes of prooxidants, free fetal DNA. As a result of the search, 37 literary sources covering the problem of genetic predictors of pre-eclampsia are obtained. Results. The literature data confirm the multivariate nature of pre-eclampsia development. The possibility of using genetic predictors to assess an underlying risk for pre-eclampsia development has not been fully studied since no single gene in a single manifestation can contribute to a 100 % predisposition to its development. Issues regarding the possibility of pathogenetic approaches to the treatment of pre-eclampsia remain unresolved.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the frequency and features of skin manifestations accompanying systemic lupus erythematosus and the correlation between disease activity and other organs damage. Material and methods. The study includes 53 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (mean age 35 ± 1.5 years). All patients are examined with the determination of leading clinical, laboratory, instrumental and immunological criteria to establish the frequency and types of dermal lesions, and their relationship with disease activity. Statistical processing is performed using Microsoft Excel 2007 and "IBM SPSS Statistics 22". Results. Most patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (90.5 %) have skin manifestations. The most common skin manifestations are a malar rash (75 %), alopecia (52 %), livedo reticularis (46 %) and Raynaud's phenomenon (42 %). The main dermal lesions are alopecia, Raynaud's phenomenon, discoid lupus (-0,526, -0,505, -0,523 respectively) indicate low disease activity, and photosensitivity, purpura, dermatitis (0,536, 0,588, 0,612 respectively) are associated with high activity.

The aim of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the effect of early enteral nutrition on the postsurgery dynamics of clinical, laboratory, functional and morphological parameters in experimental animals with the operated small intestine. Material and methods. An experimental study is conducted on 20 male Chinchilla rabbits. During the study, the outcomes of early enteral nutrition compared with parenteral in resection of the small intestine are studied based on the assessment of laboratory and functional parameters, as well as the morphological pattern of the healing of small intestinal anastomoses. The study is conducted in compliance with all the International Recommendations of the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experimental and other Scientific Purposes. Results. The results allow concluding that the conducted early enteral nutrition contributes to the quick recovery of protein and energy metabolism, accelerates the normalization of the function of the gastrointestinal tract and epithelialization processes in the anastomosis zone.