The aim was to analyze modern techniques of axillary myoplasty to restore functionality and aesthetic characteristics after mastectomy and lymph node dissection. The search for scientific literature and fundamental studies on axillary myoplasty as a part of a complex approach to rehabilitation of patients after surgical treatment of breast cancer was carried out in Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, PubMed and RINC databases with a search depth of 10 years. The following keywords were used: axillary myoplasty, breast cancer, prevention of late postoperative complications after lymph node dissection. Different approaches, including the use of latissimus dorsi flap, musculocutaneous flap of the rectus abdominis, and neighboring muscles, were studied to evaluate the effectiveness of myoplasty in reducing the risk of complications such as lymphedema and seroma. The benefits of rehabilitation, including improvement of motor function and reduction of pain, were also evaluated. The significance of myoplasty as an important part of complex rehabilitation after mastectomy and the need for further study of its methods to develop optimal protocols for recovery after breast surgery were validated.

A retrospective analysis of 213 radiology examinations and protocols is carried out to determine the risk factors of perceptual errors in radiologists. The categories of these factors include the type of radiology examination, scanning area, place of the initial examination, experience of the radiologist, and the nature of the missed pathology. The absence of objective factors contributing to perceptual errors is noted in 16.9% of cases, while in 83.1% of observations a number of risk factors for their occurrence are identified: search satisfaction (47.4%), localization (42.6%), lack of structural analysis (21.1%) and data shortage (17.3%). A combination of these risk factors occurs in the majority of cases (56.8%). Recording and constant analysis of risk factors of perceptual errors in the practical activity of radiologists can reduce their incidence, as well as become the basis and key component of quality improvement in radiology diagnostics for taking appropriate, including systemic corrective measures and lead to improvement of the overall quality of medical care.

The study examines the frequency and spectrum of structural pathological changes in the brain in 221 adult patients (109 men and 112 women) based on high-field MRI (3T) data. The patients were hospitalized at the Research and Clinical Center No. 2 of the Russian Research Center of Surgery Named after Academician B. V. Petrovsky between 2018 and 2023. Most of them were diagnosed with “epilepsy” (G.40): focal, generalized and unspecified. Studies show that focal (G40.1) epilepsy is the dominant form of the disease with structural changes in the brain. The feasibility of using several 3D isovoxel pulse sequences as part of an epilepsy protocol for the indication and observation of complex anomalies of cortical development and the need to continue research in this direction have been shown.

The management of kidney transplant patients at the beginning of the new coronavirus infection pandemic has been challenging due to the lack of prognosis for the course and outcome of COVID-19, the high risk of mixt-infections in this cohort of patients, and the lack of recommendations for the correction of immunosuppressive therapy in kidney transplant recipients. We present cases of combined COVID-19 and herpesvirus infections in four allogeneic kidney recipients aged 39 to 65 years, monitored from 25.11.2020 to 19.07.2021. The evaluation of clinical parameters and possible assessment of the comorbidity impact on the course and outcome of the disease is made. All four cases of COVID-19 coronavirus infection showed a decrease in transplant function at the peak of the infection. In three cases, we observed a development of acute kidney damage associated with chronic kidney disease, and in one case, the transplant partially lost its function.

The analysis results are presented to determine the predictive relation between clinical and laboratory parameters of renal dysfunction and morphological changes in 70 patients with kidney diseases during the period 2019–2022. Researchers determined that hemodynamic changes, hyperazotemia, and age are critical factors in the progression of renal dysfunction and the development of nephrosclerosis in patients with kidney disease. The obtained regression models will allow predicting the formation of nephrosclerosis in patients with renal dysfunction in the absence of the possibility of morphological examination.

Increased formation of the reactive oxygen species leads to an increased risk of obstetric complications in the mother (pre-eсlampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, miscarriage) and impaired fetus development. Researchers studied the dynamics of serum levels of fat-soluble vitamins A, E, and D in 53 pregnant women from the northern region at 10–12, 20–24, and 30–34 weeks of gestation. Twenty-three of them were overweight. The study revealed that the levels of vitamins A and E in all patients remained within reference values during pregnancy. At the same time, vitamin D in overweight women was within the deficit limits in I and II trimesters of pregnancy, increased to 30 ng/mL by the III trimester only in 17.4% and showed a significant statistical intergroup difference. Additional vitamin D supplementation before and during pregnancy, determination of its status at the stage of pregravidar preparation and, if necessary, monitoring during pregnancy can be attributed to preventive measures to reduce the risk of complications for the mother and newborn.

The article presents clinical cases of using anti-inflammatory genetically engineered biological drug Netakimab in patients with severe and moderate psoriasis with the disease duration from 7 to 30 years, continuous recurrent course of the skin process, lack of response to baseline therapy, including photochemotherapy. Treatment with Netakimab in patients with psoriasis of moderate and severe course with a tendency to progression and potentially unfavourable prognosis allowed to achieve complete regression of rashes in all described cases.

The analysis of scientific publications on the impact of helminthic diseases on the hepatobiliary system in mammals and on the spermatogenesis of the final host was carried out. The search was conducted in databases eLIBRARY.RU, CyberLeninka, PubMed. The search depth was 10 years.

The aim of the article is to review the scientific literature in PubMed and CyberLeninka databases with a search depth of 10 years using the following keywords: neutrophil extracellular traps, neutrophil granulocytes, platelets, inflammasome, coronavirus infection. Phagocytic activity of neutrophils, mechanisms of extracellular trap formation, their functions and roles in inflammation, connections with pathogenesis of hemostasis, roles of neutrophil traps in physiology, pathogenesis of diseases, infectious process in COVID-19 are discussed. The COVID-19 pandemic, along with new scientific evidence, has prompted a reevaluation of the link between inflammation and immune response, hemostasis and thrombosis. This reevaluation has highlighted neutrophils and their extracellular traps as crucial cells in this connection.

The aim is to evaluate the state of hemostasis and liver system, as well as nitrogen and protein metabolism on the model of direct lung damage in the experiment on 50 mongrel female SD rats eighing 200-250 g. In the experiment, acute respiratory distress syndrome was modeled by a single intratracheal injection of acidine-pepsin with pH-1.2 in the amount of 0.1 ml per animal in the control group (n = 25) and the modeling group (n = 25). Researchers sampled the material after 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days  terminal points). Lung damage was assessed by light microscopy on histological preparations. Researchers analyzed serum for biochemical studies, collecting samples from the heart in tubes containing 3.8% sodium citrate at a ratio of 1:9 for coagulation tests in tubes with activator. During the experiment, haemostasis system disturbances accompanied acute respiratory distress syndrome formation, resulting in reduced prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin time, elevated fibrinogen concentration, and decreased antithrombin III levels. Moreover, it led to the development of multi-organ failure, as evidenced by the recorded deviations of biochemical and coagulation parameters. The combination of multiple pathological processes within a syndrome is the greatest challenge in the treatment process. The development of experimental models to identify the interrelationship of the largest number of significant systems will allow the creation of an optimal model reproducing the entire symptom complex for the development of new protocols to treat acute respiratory distress syndrome.