Acute pancreatitis is one of the most common diseases. Since 2000, the proportion of acute pancreatitis among hospitalized patients with acute abdominal diseases has increased from 13.5% to 23.6%, with postoperative mortality reaching 13–15%. The article presents the review of domestic and
foreign literary sources using the Mendeley, eLIBRARY.Ru, CyberLeninka and PubMed databases on advantages and disadvantages of epidural anesthesia for the prevention and treatment of compartment syndrome in patients with acute pancreatitis. The search depth is ten years. As a result of the analysis, the following positive effects of epidural anesthesia were revealed: segmental blockade of sympathetic innervation is an effective method of improving the abdominal cavity perfusion and retroperitoneal space, including the pancreas, as well as improving intestinal peristalsis and relieving pain syndrome. Epidural anesthesia helps to reduce intra-abdominal pressure, which has a beneficial effect on respiratory function, reducing pulmonary shunt and improving the respiratory index. The obtained data may form a basis for further research in order to optimize the intensive care of acute pancreatitis.

The article presents the results of an experiment to determine the selection criteria for excisional   treatment of precancerous cervical diseases using electrosurgical instruments such as the loop electrode (LLETZ/excision) and the conization electrode (conization). The experiment took place in the training class of FOTEK OOO (yekaterinburg). A turkey filet was used as a dummy cervix. Excision was performed with three different electrodes, and conization was performed with two conization electrodes of different sizes, followed by a comparison of the sizes and shapes of the removed areas of biological tissue. In case a small-sized and low grade lesion on the cervix is more pronounced on the ectocervix, it is recommended to choose the loop electrode manufactured by FOTEK OOO for excision (the electrode size during surgery is individual in each specific case). However, if severe lesions on the cervix primarily affect the endocervix (such as CIN 3), one should prefer the conization electrode.

The aim of the study is to compare the results of reduction mammoplasty in 32 patients aged 20 to 45 years for the period from 2012 to 2023. In Group I (n = 16), we used an inferior pedicle flap with an average breast reduction volume of 2,004.5 ± 212.5 g and a removed tissue weight ranging from 580 to 4,020 g. In Group II (n = 16), we used a superomedial pedicle flap with a reduction volume of 1,824.7 ± 218.6 g and a tissue weight removed ranging from 460 to 3,200 g. The advantages of the superomedial pedicle technique are a shortened surgery time, preservation of vertical volume, a lower tendency to ptosis, efficiency and safety for widespread practice in order to preserve the blood supply to the vascular and areolar zone in patients with excess breast mass. This method is more suitable for mild and moderate hypertrophy, while reduction with the inferior pedicle is more suitable for large and giant sized mammary glands.

The article presents the dynamics of the overall indicator and the structure of the entire spectrum of malformations in deceased, stillborn children and fetuses eliminated for medical reasons in the Omsk Oblast from 2009 to 2023. Absolute values are determined and indicators of the overall frequency of malformations are calculated in three observation groups: in fetuses; in stillborn children; in live-born children who died after birth up to and including 17 years of age. With a moderate tendency to increase, the weighted average (cumulative) indicator of the frequency of malformations was 5.5 ± 0.11 per 1,000 pregnancies. The structure is dominated by defects incompatible with life in the circulatory system (22.0 ± 0.65 %), central nervous system (19.1 ± 0.61 %) and musculoskeletal system (14.9 ± 0.56 %). The rate of malformations showed the most pronounced upward tendency in the “Chromosomal abnormalities” group (16.6; p < 0.05). A pronounced downward tendency is observed in the “Genital malformations” and “Pulmonary airway malformations” groups. The entire set of malformations showed a moderate upward tendency in the rate of malformations (3.65; p < 0.05). The study of the dynamics of the rate and structure of malformations in fetuses, stillborn children and deceased children, in addition to monitoring malformations in live-born children, allows obtaining the most complete data for further objective assessment of the effectiveness of prenatal diagnostics and the system for preventing the birth of children with potentially life-threatening malformations.

The aim of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the clinical and functional features of the course of bronchial asthma in children of different age groups. A prospective cohort continuous study of bronchial asthma in clinical remission based on clinical and anamnestic data is made. Moreover,
we used computer bronchophonography with a reversibility test of bronchial obstruction and conducted a comprehensive assessment of the basic therapy prescribed to a child. The features of bronchial asthma in children are revealed: the burden of an allergic history, a high frequency of comorbid pathology of atopic dermatitis or allergic rhinitis. In the group of children under 6 years among triggers of disease exacerbation, the most common are viral respiratory infections, certain foods, contact with household dust, physical exertion. There are a contact with animals and psycho-emotional stress in addition to the above-listed triggers in the group of 6-year-olds and older. The results of the functional examination of children show higher values of the initial acoustic component of respiration in the high-frequency spectrum, a greater prevalence of latent bronchial obstruction and the reversibility of bronchial obstruction in children of early and preschool age.
Less than half of examined patients received basic bronchial asthma therapy, and a quarter of children received combined therapy, despite the high prevalence of reversibility of bronchial obstruction. The revealed clinical and functional features of the course of bronchial asthma in children in clinical remission allow us to recommend a combined basic therapy until the reversibility of bronchial obstruction disappears in the patient.

The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of bronchial asthma cases in children aged 6 to 17 years. A comparison was made between the classical method of controlling the symptoms of bronchial asthma during dispensary observation and immediate remote monitoring based on data from clinical and functional methods: the 3-steps test “Asthma Control” and an assessment of peak expiratory flow rate. Remote fixation of peak expiratory flow rates using immediate monitoring provided for timely detection of latent bronchospasm and optimization of correction of basic therapy in children with moderate bronchial asthma. In children with mild persistent asthma, the remote monitoring of peak expiratory flow rates did not reveal advantages in comparison with the traditional method of dispensary observation.

The article presents the etiology, clinical manifestations including localized pain, swelling and venous dilatation in the cyst area, methods, diagnostic results and surgical treatment of a rare clinical diagnostic case of a giant tumor of the distal epiphysis of the left femur in a 23-year-old female patient. Giant cell tumor of the femur, also known as osteoclastoma, is a benign neoplasm consisting of giant multinucleated cells and unicellular formations. It is characterized by the filling of serous fluid or blood and commonly localizes in the proximal metaphysis of the humerus and femur. In a case of long-term unclear pain in the knee joint, especially without a cause, any doctor, regardless of the age of the patient, should always have oncological
alertness. Following comprehensive examination of the patient using X-ray imaging, CT scan and MRI, will allow determining the stage of the pathological process to prevent complications.

The article analyses the problem of opisthorchiasis invasion influence by helminths secretome on the mother-fetus system. The analysis is made using published papers in the electronic libraries eLIBRARY.RU, CyberLeninka, and PubMed database. The article touches upon the processes of embryonic morphogenesis and the generative potential of offspring born from mothers with opisthorchiasis invasion as well. Studies have shown that opisthorchiasis in pregnant women alters the relationships within the mother-fetus system.
It increases the risks of preeclampsia, miscarriage and the development of complications in childbirth by the excretory-secretory products of parasites. Changes in the endocrine profile, liver dysfunctions, and the presence of parasite secretome in the mother’s blood can be considered as influence factors on the fetus. We propose the concept of a mother-fetus-parasite functional system, which is affected by opisthorchiasis invasion during pregnancy and requires urgent evaluation

The article presents the results of an open, single-center, prospective, randomized study and a comparative analysis of clinical examination data. The study included 326 women aged 18 to 40 years who underwent reconstructive plastic surgery after immediate or delayed Madden radical mastectomy for unilateral breast cancer stages I–IIIA with different biological tumor subtypes and 40 healthy women after mammoplasty for aesthetic reasons. Using the BREAST-Q Reconstruction Module one year after reconstructive plastic surgery, the following assessment of the aesthetic results and quality of life indicators was obtained in patients: “excellent” in 249 (68%), “good” in 92 (25.1%), “satisfactory” in 18 (4.5%), and “unsatisfactory” in 7 (1.9%) patients. There is no established results correlation between the timing of surgery and the biological subtype of the tumor. Quality of life indicators in cancer patients rose by 30–60% and  matched those of healthy women.

The article presents the results of an open prospective randomized study with a comparative analysis of clinical examination data, laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods, and dynamic observation to determine the optimal multimodal pain relief for patients with pain syndrome in the early recovery period. The study included 310 women after operative delivery, divided into three groups, and their newborns. In the primary group, cesarean section was performed under epidural anesthesia, and was prolonged for three days after the surgery; the comparison group had spinal epidural anesthesia and prolonged epidural anesthesia
for three days in the postoperative period; the control group had epidural anesthesia and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in the postoperative period. Epidural anesthesia with ropivacaine during operative delivery and the three-day postoperative period had a more pronounced analgesic effect compared to spinal-epidural anesthesia with bipuvacaine during labor and prolonged anesthesia with ropivacaine in the postpartum period, and compared to epidural anesthesia with ropivacaine during labor and the use of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs in the first three days of the postoperative period. Adequate pain relief and improvement of the psychoemotional state of women results in normal lactation, ensuring the formation of a close connection between mother and child, which has a beneficial effect on the condition of newborns. Prolonged epidural anesthesia does not have a negative effect on the newborn, reduces the level of anxiety and pain, lowers physiological weight loss, improves weight gain, accelerates adaptation to new living conditions, which ultimately leads to a reduction in the length of hospital stay.