The study aims to review present knowledge on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) in pregnant women. Material and methods. We studied the publications of foreign and domestic authors from various sources of scientific literature, including Scopus, PubMed, Cyberleninka, etc. Results. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the new virus and community immunity in the human population has not been developed yet. Pregnant women are more susceptible to respiratory pathogens; therefore, it may be assumed that they are more vulnerable to COVID-19. The vertical transmission of the novel coronavirus disease has no evidence. However, there is a probability of affecting the fetus throughout gestation in the presence of the infection in a mother. Among cases of the new coronavirus infection, the most common complications are acute respiratory distress syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, renal failure, secondary bacterial pneumonia, and sepsis.

The study aims to determine the long-term outcomes of respiratory diseases that occurred in children during the neonatal period and to evaluate the contribution to the development of the adverse effects of the SOD2 genetic polymorphism (rs4880). Material and methods. A survey of 60 children with a history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and 60 children who had neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) without the development of BPD was conducted. It included the examination by a pulmonologist, a genetic study of venous blood, a chest multispiral computed tomography (MSCT), and the spirometry for the children over six years old. Results. As the outcome of the past BPD in older children, the formation of chronic lung diseases that occurred with the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was significantly more frequently observed. Among the children in the comparison group, the clinical recovery was observed in the vast majority of patients. The function of external respiration in the children born prematurely reflected the presence of obstructive and restrictive ventilation disorders. The unevenness of pneumatization of the lung tissue and the areas of pneumofibrosis were more often detected during the MSCT study of the patients in the main group. The allelic variant of rs4880 C47T was more often detected in children of the main group, who formed chronic lung diseases as the outcome of BPD.

The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Dilapan-S hygroscopic dilator in preparation of the cervix for delivery. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the birth histories of 78 patients who were admitted to the Perinatal Center, Tyumen, in 2019 is made. These patients initially had an unfavorable cervix. A hygroscopic dilator was installed for the preinduction of labor. Results. Preinduction of labor using hydrogel rods provides an optimal level of cervical ripening. This method is proved to be a quite effective observing that cervical ripening and delivery occurred in the first 24 hours in 73 % of cases (n = 57). Osmotic dilators reduce the time to delivery by 1.5 times. At the time of preparation, there were no side effects in the mother and fetus

The study aims to demonstrate the radiation manifestations of the seat belt syndrome that has developed in the area of the mammary gland in women. Material and methods. The study includes 11 patients who applied with various complaints of breast damage that appeared after a traffic accident. As part of the examination, all patients underwent digital mammography with tomosynthesis function in the combo-mode and multiparameter breast ultrasound. In four cases, dual-energy contrast-enhanced spectral mammography was performed. According to the results of the examination, four patients underwent core needle biopsy. Results. The seat belt syndrome is variable in its radiation manifestations, which in some cases requires morphological verification, despite a clear clinical and anamnestic relation to a traffic accident

The study aims to develop blood pressure standards for children and adolescents of the ethnic Khanty and
their comparative analysis with indicators of newcomers and generally accepted standards. Material and methods. A continuous cohort simultaneous comparative study is conducted. The measurement and assessment of blood pressure of 2 431 ethnic Khanty children are performed. These children (from 6 to 17 years old) are born on the territory of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Ugra and have the health group I or II. The survey is conducted during the medical examination in the schools of Surgut and the Surgut Region. The results are subjected to mathematical processing with the formation of centile tables taking into account gender, age, and height. A comparative analysis of the obtained data with the indicators of the foreign population and the standards presented in the Russian clinical guidelines is carried out. Results. The lower indicators of blood pressure in children of the ethnic Khanty are revealed. The use of blood pressure standards presented in the Russian clinical guidelines and developed standards for the foreign population can be the cause of the under-diagnosis of arterial hypertension in the Khanty.

The study aims to compare the frequency and forms of cervicovaginal infections in women with spontaneous extremely preterm labor that began with the development of regular labor or premature rupture of the fetal membrane. Material and methods. A retrospective comparative analysis of 10 201 births in the Regional Perinatal Center of Chelyabinsk for the period 2017–2018 is conducted. The frequency and form of cervicovaginal infections in women with extremely premature births that began with regular labor or premature rupture of the fetal membrane are compared. Results. Cervical and vaginal infections are diagnosed in all women with spontaneous extremely preterm birth. At the same time, in the group where childbirth began with the development of labor, inflammatory diseases of the lower reproductive tract in the form of vaginitis and cervicitis were statistically more frequent, while dysbiotic processes were statistically more often detected in the group with premature rupture of the fetal membrane.

The study aims to present a clinical observation that demonstrates the discrepancy between clinical and
diagnostic markers in a child with a salt-wasting form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, which complicates the selection and correction of hormone replacement therapy. Material and methods. The analysis of the clinical case of the salt-wasting form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in a 15-month-old girl, with the CYP21A2 gene deletion in a homozygous state is made. Results. In the course of case follow-up, there is a discrepancy between clinical and diagnostic markers in the child, which determines the complexity of the selection and further correction of hormone replacement therapy. The presented clinical case is an example of the variability of the laboratory picture in connection with a relatively stable patient’s condition.

The study aims to review the literature on the effectiveness of modern prenatal testing based on the use of cell-free DNA or RNA of the fetus. Material and methods. Foreign publications, the work of Russian scientists, as well as clinical guidelines posted in the databases of Scopus, PubMed, CyberLeninka, and others are analyzed. The used keywords are invasive, noninvasive prenatal testing, cell-free fetal DNA. The search depth is 7 years. Results. Examples from the literature show the diagnostic value of cell-free DNA or RNA of the fetus for the detection of chromosomal aneuploidy and other hereditary diseases. The advantages and disadvantages of methods of prenatal testing its application and prospects are described.

The study aims to analyze the last publications on the myocardial contusion pathogenesis. Material and
methods. The search is conducted in the MEDLINE, PubMed, and RSCI databases using the following keywords: myocardial contusion, cardiac injury, blunt cardiac injury, pathogenesis, morphology, and arrhythmia. The search depth is 10 years. Results. Myocardial contusion remains a relevant problem in modern medicine. System and tissue adaptation reactions remain unstudied in the pathogenesis.

The study aims to analyze the published data on pathogenesis for the development of degenerative aortic
valve stenosis as a possible target for conservative therapy. Material and methods. Literary sources from various databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews with a search depth of 15 years are selected. “Degenerative aortic valve stenosis” and “aortic valve” are used as keywords. Results. Degenerative aortic valve stenosis is a multi-stage and multifactorial process. The pathological process includes stages: endothelial dysfunction and damage, lipid accumulation, aseptic inflammation, maladaptive myofibroblastic, and osteogenic transformation of valvular interstitial cells, which ultimately leads to fibrosis and calcification of the aortic valve. Each of the stages has its own target in order to slow down the pathological process.

The study aims to evaluate the functional status of the shoulder joint and assess the treatment effectiveness in the long-term rehabilitation of women that underwent a mastectomy. Material and methods. The group I included 35 patients who had myofascial release, local administration of Longidaza in scar tissue, and the Maitland and Kaltenborn concepts of manual therapy in addition to standard rehabilitation methods. The group II included 32 patients who followed standard rehabilitation methods such as physical therapy, magnetic therapy, manual lymphatic drainage, and hydrotherapy. Anthropometric measures were assessed before and after treatment in all patients. To assess the effectiveness of the treatment the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) Assessment Form and the University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) Shoulder Scale were also used. Results. Based on anthropometric results and evaluation of the shoulder joint functional status, it was found that the use of modified treatment, including the use of the Maitland and Kaltenborn concepts, myofascial release, as well as
local administration of Longidaza contributes to the effectiveness of physical rehabilitation. The effectiveness is associated with improved microcirculation, recovery of impaired pain sensitivity, muscle strengthing of the upper limb, softening of the fibrous tissue, a decrease in the pain intensity, and enhancement of shoulder flexibility. Physical rehabilitation of patients after a mastectomy is a necessary and effective stage of treatment.

The study aims to present a clinical case of Wernicke encephalopathy secondary to incoercible vomiting in a
pregnant woman. Material and methods. The results of clinical, laboratory, and instrumental studies in the acute
period and the outcome of the Wernicke encephalopathy, the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties of managing
a patient with this disease during pregnancy are described. Results. The symptoms of Wernicke encephalopathy
in the patient with incoercible vomiting were combined with manifestations of severe polyneuropathy, which was
initially determined as Guillain–Barré syndrome. Electrolyte disturbances correction and intravenous immunoglobulin
therapy contributed to an increase in limb mobility, while the effects of encephalopathy persisted. A thorough
analysis of the medical history, clinical data, and laboratory and instrumental studies allowed us to diagnose Wernicke
encephalopathy. Pathogenetic therapy led to improvement, but it required a long rehabilitation of the patient.

The study aims to investigate the cytoprotective ability of oxygen-containing substances used in dermatology and cosmetology on the viability of cell culture during incubation in vitro. Material and methods. An experimental study to identify the cytoprotective ability of an oxygen-containing balm using the MTT assay is conducted. The key component of this assay is the use of tetrazolium salts in the form of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide which are reduced to formazan in the presence of metabolically active cells. The transplantable cells HEK293 (human embryonic kidney, ATCC® CRL-1573 ™) are used as cell culture, and doxorubicin is used as a standard cytotoxic substance. Cell viability in the studied media is evaluated by measuring the optical density of the stained solutions by a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 580 nm, followed by statistical processing of the results. Results. The ability of an oxygen-containing balm containing 20% of the NOVAFNEM-O2 oxygen complex at a dilution of 1:10 to prevent a decrease in the viability of isolated cells in the presence of the cytotoxic agent doxorubicin is established.