The aim of the study is to review the main known risk factors for the development of bronchopulmonary pathology in children with cerebral palsy. Material and methods. The publications of foreign and domestic authors, including reviews of randomized controlled trials from various sources of scientific literature as the PubMed, CyberLeninka and other databases are studied. The search depth is 25 years. The keywords for the search are respiratory pathology, pneumonia, cerebral palsy and children. Results. The frequency and nature of respiratory pathology among patients with cerebral palsy is associated with the form, severity of the disease, nature of the musculoskeletal system injury, functional and organic disorders of the respiration muscles, functional gastrointestinal disorders, and impaired clearance of the respiratory tract. Quite often there is a complex interaction between these risk factors. Therefore, the diagnostic and rehabilitation approach should be multidisciplinary and patient-specific.

The aim of the study is to review the surgical approaches to performing coronary endarterectomy in
combination with coronary artery bypass grafting. Material and methods. Search and study of scientific literature using the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect and eLIBRARY.RU by the keywords “coronary endarterectomy”, “coronary bypass surgery” and “diffuse coronary atherosclerosis” is performed. Results. Coronary endarterectomy combined with coronary artery bypass grafting can be an effective technique with acceptable operational risk given a careful selection of patients for this procedure. It is preferable to perform an open endarterectomy on the left anterior descending artery and closed technique on the right coronary artery. It is favored to use the internal thoracic artery as a material for reconstruction of an artery after endarterectomy. The presence of endothelial dysfunction in the area of coronary artery reconstruction requires aggressive antithrombotic therapy. The use of double antiplatelet therapy or a combination of aspirin with warfarin is effective. Thus, the correct approach in choosing the method of surgical treatment methods will improve long-term results in this category of patients.

The aim of the study is to analyze the clinical manifestations of the relatively rare intestinal pathology and to determine the clinical and differential diagnostic significance of signs of ischemic and tuberculous colitis. Material and methods. A combined analysis (including retro- and prospective single-step methods and continuous sampling) of cases with abdominal angina and abdominal tuberculosis is made. The cases under study are diagnosed in the Surgut Regional Clinical Hospital, Surgut (2016–2019) and the general network of curative institutions in Ulyanovsk (1999–2019). Clinical diagnoses of ischemic colitis in four cases and intestinal tuberculosis in 81 cases have been established by a set of examination methods (radiation, microbiological, histological diagnostics, including postmortal) following current clinical practice guidelines and diagnostic standards. Results. The course features of ischemic colitis and abdominal tuberculosis are their growth and combination with another comorbid pathology, which complicates the diagnostic search.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed treatment method for rectocele
combined with apical prolapse. Material and methods. The analysis of surgical corrections of pelvic prolapse in 321 patients who went into the Surgut Regional Clinical Hospital since 2013 (the beginning of the implementation of the operations) is performed. A prospective study included 40 patients with a combination of apical prolapse and rectocele divided into groups depending on the method of surgical correction. Eleven patients who received treatment with a new method of one-stage surgical correction represent the first (main) group. The second group (comparison) includes 29 patients with a combination of apical prolapse and rectocele operated without using the new technique. In the statistical processing of the data for quantitative variables, a complex of descriptive statistics is used: 1) quartile values – methods of nonparametric statistics Me (Q1–Q3); 2) comparison of average values in unrelated samples – the Mann–Whitney U test; 3) average values in dynamics in one sample – the Wilcoxon signedrank test; 4) statistical significance of differences in two different samples – the Fisher transformation. Results.
The application of a one-stage surgical correction ensures satisfaction with the surgical intervention. Excellent anatomical results are achieved in the long-term period for ten patients (90.9%) and nine patients (81.8%) had a good functional result.

The aim of the study is to improve the results of endovenous laser ablation by increasing the laser exposure and eliminating carbonization and burning of the fiber to the vein. Material and methods. Fifty-nine patients with varicose veins of the lower extremities in the saphenous vein system have been randomly divided into two equal groups. One group underwent endovenous laser ablation with a Biolitec radial fiber, and the other group underwent endovenous laser ablation with a modified cylindrical fiber. The number of burnings of the fiber to the vein is estimated intraoperatively. In the postoperative period, ablation of the veins is evaluated at the first, 14th, 60th and 180th day, and the severity of pain during the first 14 days. Results. Аfter endovenous laser ablation, regardless of the type of fiber, complete ablation of all investigated veins is revealed in each observation period. The severity of pain after endovenous laser ablation with a modified fiber is statistically significantly lower at all periods of observation (p < 0.05). With endovenous laser ablation, the burning of the fiber to the vein is completely absent (p < 0.05).

Цель – представить сложный с позиций дифференциального диагноза клинический случай абдоминального актиномикоза как редкого заболевания с поздней диагностикой. Материал и методы. Проведен анализ ведения случая абдоминального актиномикоза, прошедшего по гастроэнтерологическому отделению Сургутской окружной клинической больницы. Результаты. Описан клинический случай, представляющий интерес из-за сложности диагностики образований толстой кишки как пример междисциплинарной проблемы

The aim of the study is to analyze modern approaches to the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus.
Material and methods. The analysis of domestic and foreign publications, randomized controlled trials, and clinical practice guidelines for the last 7 years from various sources is conducted. Results. The review presents the current state of various approaches and methods of treatment for gestational diabetes mellitus. Lifestyle modification, dietary intervention and insulin therapy remain the main correction methods of carbohydrate metabolism disorders during pregnancy. Further research is needed to clarify the safety and efficacy of oral antihyperglycemic medications for female patients of this cohort.

The aim of the study is to analyze modern ideas about patho- and morphogenesis, morphogenetic potencies and the significance of cyst formation for pathology. Material and methods. A literature search has been conducted using the following databases: CyberLeninka, eLIBRARY.RU, PubMed, Nature Pathology, MEDLINE, PLOS ONE. The search includes only fundamental works for the last 7–10 years. Keywords used in the search are cystogenesis, patho- and morphogenesis of cyst formation, epithelial morphogenesis, epithelial-stromal interactions. Results. In recent years, cystogenesis is viewed not only as the most important phenomenon of epithelial morphogenesis, which is of great importance in physiological and reparative regeneration but also as the process that makes up the morphological essence of many diseases (polycystic kidney disease, nonneoplastic cysts of the central nervous system, etc.), as well as the outcome of chronic processes in many organs, increasing the risk of tumour transformation. This determines the interest in both the mechanisms of cyst formation and the discovery of the biological potencies of the process. The disorder of cell polarity and changes in the qualitative composition of the extracellular matrix are considered the most important morphogenetic mechanism of cyst formation. In the genesis of cysts, both hereditary and acquired gene mutations are important, as well as epigenetic effects, causing a violation of epithelial-stromal interactions. It is believed that cystogenesis is associated with abnormalities in the Wnt-pathway, the most important signaling cell pathway, which is involved in the development of cancer (in particular, stomach cancer), and embryonic morphogenesis, the formation of cell polarity and cystogenesis. At the same time, the interaction between many signaling pathways of the cell in cyst formation, as well as the connection between cystogenesis and tumour growth, remains unclear

The aim of the study is to evaluate the role of myocardial stress and inflammatory response in the formation of post-infarction myocardial remodeling based on a review of modern scientific literature and our own data on the investigation of serum concentrations of the amino-terminal fragment of the brain natriuretic peptide precursor and highly sensitive C-reactive protein in post-infarction patients. Material and methods. Based on a study of the literature in the databases Scopus, PubMed, Lancet, CyberLeninka, key mechanisms of the formation and biomarkers of myocardial stress and inflammatory response are considered. Our own study included 63 patients (34 women and 29 men) with anterior localization of myocardial infarction. On 1st, 3d, 7th–10th, 30th day from the onset of the disease development, patients underwent serial measurement of serum concentrations of enzymes and C-reactive protein, taking into account reference values, as well as on days 1 and 30 myocardial parameters during echocardiography. Depending on the magnitude of the increase in the end-systolic volume index, two groups are distinguished: 31 patients (1) with a volume increase of less than 20% and 32 patients (2) with an increase in the volume of 20% or more from the initial ones. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out by the method of parametric statistics. Results. Elevated levels of the amino-terminal fragment of the brain natriuretic peptide precursor and highly sensitive C-reactive protein are closely associated with the severity of myocardial remodeling both in the acute phase of myocardial infarction and in the post-infarction period and can be used to predict the development of chronic heart failure.

The aim of the study is to take a comparative assessment of the inflammation severity in patients with
lung neoplasms based on changes in the concentration of interleukins in serum during surgery and in the early postoperative period in the presence of various types of anaesthesia and analgesia. Material and methods. Twentyfour patients aged 45 to 50 years divided into the main group and the comparison group are examined. In the main group, multimodal anaesthesia-analgesia with elements of a sympathetic blockade is used both during the surgery and in the postoperative period. The inhaled-intravenous anaesthesia followed by systemic analgesia with morphine is used in the comparison group. Four research points are identified: before induction of anaesthesia, 1, 12, and 24 hours after surgery. Results. In the postoperative period, patients undergoing lungs resection have statistically significant changes in the concentration of the studied cytokines, which indicates the presence of inflammation. The severity of the inflammatory process in the postoperative period using different methods of anaesthesia varies. In patients who had the sympathetic blockade in anaesthesia-analgesia regimens, inflammation is more evident

The aim of the study is to analyze the mechanisms of formation, the complexity of diagnostics and the coursе of inherited tubulopathy as a rare pathology of the kidneys and to determine the clinical and differential diagnostic significance of its signs on the example of a clinical case. Material and methods. An analysis of case management for inherited tubulopathy is made: pathology of the kidneys (Dent’s disease), with a 14-year-history at the time of diagnostics and a 3-year-follow-up of its course in the patient. Results. The described case of Dent’s disease refers to inherited and/or congenital nephropathies and has a heterogeneous molecular genetic basis for development. The clinical manifestations of the disease are scarce, which complicates the diagnostics and timely treatment from the perspective of the mechanisms for pathology formation. This disease is manifested by polymorphism of laboratory changes in urine and blood and early development of chronic kidney disease. To verify inherited nephropathy, genetic typing of pathognomonic genes is necessary.

The aim of the study is to assess the potential cytoprotective properties of extracts in northern berries: common cranberries (Vaccinium oxycoccus L.), bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), lingonberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) and blueberries (Vaccinium uliginosum L.) on cell cultures in vitro. Material and methods. For the extracts of these fruits quantitative composition of the main groups of polyphenols is characterized and the level of antiradical activity in the ABTS test is determined. The study results of the effects on cell viability of extracts in the cytotoxicity test are described. Results. It is established that in the primary culture of rabbit alveolar macrophages and the passaged culture of human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293), the studied extracts do not possess own cytotoxicity and prevent the development of the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin but possess cytoprotective potential.