The study aims to review scientific literature on the influence of psychosocial characteristics on the course of bronchial asthma in children. Material and methods. We studied publications of foreign and Russian authors, reviews of randomized controlled trials from various sources of scientific literature, including PubMed, CyberLeninka, eLIBRARY.RU, and others. The depth of the search is ten years. The literature search is carried out using the keywords: bronchial asthma, children, psychosocial characteristics, adherence to treatment. Results. Bronchial asthma is a disease that occurs under the influence of many interrelated factors. The literature review presents studies that prove the relationship between the psychological characteristics of a child, the social status of the family, and the severity of the disease. The need to study the complex influence of psychosocial characteristics on adherence to therapy and the level of control over the disease is substantiated.

The study aims to analyze modern scientific literature on the use of three-dimensional laparoscopy in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Material and methods. In the course of the work, a literature search in the databases MEDLINE, PubMed, eLIBRARY.RU, and RSCI is carried out using the keywords: colorectal cancer, three-dimensional laparoscopy, surgical treatment. The search depth is ten years. Results. Despite the promising outlook and distinct advantages of three-dimensional laparoscopy in the treatment of colorectal cancer, modern literature contains few and scattered data, which requires further study of this issue.

The study aims to estimate the efficiency of pathogenetic complex rehabilitation treatment together with lowfrequency electro-impulse SCENAR therapy in women with a reproductive loss in history and chronic endometritis. As well as to study the effect of this combined treatment for chronic endometritis on hematological and immunological parameters. Material and methods. The study involved 649 women with a history of reproductive losses and up to six months after intrauterine interventions. Women were divided into three groups: group 1 received comprehensive rehabilitation treatment with SCENAR therapy; group 2 was treated without the SCENAR device; in group 3 patients voluntarily refused rehabilitation treatment. The changes in the immune response, before and after physiotherapy according to leukograms, were analyzed in all women. Results. The study showed the effectiveness of comprehensive rehabilitation measures including physiotherapy with the use of low-frequency electro-impulse SCENAR therapy, in patients with a history of reproductive losses and various pathogenetic macrotypes of chronic endometritis, to achieve an adequate state of immunoreactivity and the favorable course of reparative processes.

The study aims to study the features of anemia development in donors who often donate blood. Material and methods. A non-randomized retrospective study in the Ulyanovsk Regional Blood Donor Center is conducted. The study includes blood donors who fall into the category of frequently donating from 2017 to 2018. A total of 249 blood donors are examined, which are divided into two groups: in the first group 122 people often donating blood, in the second group 127 people often donating plasma. The general blood tests were made and analyzed initially and in a year. Results. In the group of whole blood donors, compared to plasma donors, after a year from the starting point, significantly lower red blood cell counts were observed, among both men and women. In addition, statistically significant differences were noted in the hemoglobin concentration of the active blood donors compared with plasma donors. The average hemoglobin content was lower by almost 5 g / l (p = 0.020) in men and by 6.3 g / l (p = 0.021) in women.

The study aims to determine the risk of thromboembolic complications and to get the opinion of patients with ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation on anticoagulant therapy. Material and methods. The main group included 28 patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation after ischemic stroke. The comparison group included 30 patients, matched by sex and age, with atrial fibrillation without a prior history of stroke. We analyzed feedback from patients, medical histories, drug administration, complications after the therapy, points on the CHA2DS2- VASc and HAS-BLED scoring systems. Results. Patients with atrial fibrillation have a high risk of thromboembolic complications: in patients in the main group, the mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 4.5 (3; 5). Insufficient adherence to anticoagulants in the main group was revealed. Only 42.9 % of patients took direct oral anticoagulants, 17.86 % took warfarin and 35.7 % took acetylsalicylic acid and/or clopidogrel. At the same time, when asked whether anticoagulants were prescribed, almost all patients (92.8 %) answered positively. Some respondents (60.7 %) confirmed the discontinuation of anticoagulants, indicating the following reasons: “high cost of treatment” – 10.7 %; “a lot of drugs” – 10.7 %; “I do not consider it to be necessary” – 7.1%; “I’m afraid of bleeding” – 7.1 %; “I don’t remember” – 7.1 %; “it is inconvenient to go to the clinic to control INR” – 17.8 % of patients.

The study aims to determine the nature of the connection between eating behavior and clinical and metabolic disorders that form the metabolic syndrome. Material and methods. The main group (n = 58) consisted of adolescents born prematurely. Comparison group (n = 66) included adolescents born on time. The components of the metabolic syndrome were assessed according to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. Eating behavior was investigated using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ). Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using the SPSS 20.0 software. Results. In adolescents born prematurely, obesity was more often recorded (31 % versus 9 %, OR 4.0; 95 % CI 2.9–7.7; χ2 = 9.28; p = 0.002) and abdominal fat deposition was 36 % in the main group versus 6 % in the comparison group (OR 8.6; 95 % CI 2.8–27.2; χ2 = 17,1, p < 0.0001); grade 1 arterial hypertension in 34.5 % of the main group and in 1.5 % in the comparison group (OR 33.7; 95 % CI 4.3–261.2, p < 0.05). In adolescents who were born prematurely, disorders of the restrictive type were more pronounced (p < 0.05). Eating disorders in adolescents born prematurely have gender differences: boys (73 %) are more likely to develop these disorders than girls (36 %) (OR = 4.4; 95 % CI 1.5–13.2, p < 0.05). In prematurely born girls, there is no relationship between the components of metabolic syndrome and eating disorders. Prematurely born boys, along with connection of parameters characterizing the abdominal type of fat deposition (waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio), blood pressure indicators with indicators of fat and carbohydrate metabolism (triacylglycerides, glucose, Tyg index, insulin, HOMA-IR indices), have associations of the above components of the metabolic syndrome with eating disorders: with the external type in the prepubertal age, as well as with the external and restrictive type in the prepubertal period.

The study aims to investigate clinical and laboratory features of the course of scarlet fever and the effectiveness of the rapid diagnostic test system Streptatest in children admitted in an infectious unit. Material and methods. A prospective study includes 39 children diagnosed with scarlet fever and admitted in an infectious unit of the City Children’s Clinical Hospital № 3, Omsk. The children are divided into groups according to their age. More than half of the patients are children between the ages of 3 and 7. Anamnesis, the clinical picture of the disease, and laboratory data are analyzed. Results. The disease was of moderate severity and manifested itself in the presence of basic symptoms in 97.4 % of patients. It was revealed that in children under 3 years of age, the level of C-reactive protein was statistically significantly higher (рU < 0.05), at comparing indicators in patients of different ages. During the bacteriological examination, β-hemolytic streptococcus was inoculated only in 12.8 % of patients (group A). Streptatest was carried out in 26 children upon admission to the hospital, before the appointment of antibiotic therapy. A positive test result was recorded in 21 cases (80.8 %). The effectiveness of using the rapid diagnostic test system Streptatest was statistically significantly higher (рφ < 0.01) compared to bacteriological research.

The study aims to assess the connection between the severity of psoriatic onychodystrophy and the psoriasis severity index, quality of life, and concomitant comorbidity. Material and methods. The study includes 406 patients with psoriasis. The severity of psoriatic lesions of the skin and nails, its effect on the quality of life, and comorbid background are assessed. Results. A direct correlation was found between the degree of nail damage and the severity of psoriasis. In patients with high severity indices of skin and nail damage, diseases of the cardiovascular system were more common.

The study aims to show the possibilities and advantages of magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spinal cord in detecting leukoencephalopathy with lesions of the brain stem, spinal cord, and increased lactate. Material and methods. The paper presents several clinical and diagnostic observations of a rare form of adrenoleukodystrophy with damage to the brain stem, spinal cord, and increased lactate levels. Results. Magnetic resonance imaging data played a significant role in the diagnosis and determination of further management of patients due to the high specificity of detected structural changes in the brain and spinal cord.

The study aims to review scientific literature to determine the concept of thin endometrium, search for the causes of the appearance, the main diagnostic methods, and possible ways to correct the thickness of the endometrium. Material and methods. The works of foreign and Russian authors are studied: randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and guidelines. The data is collected from PubMed, eLIBRARY.RU, CyberLeninka, and other databases. The keywords in the search are thin endometrium, endometrial thickness, endometrium, receptivity, infertility. The search depth is six years. Results. Тhere is no clear definition for the thin endometrium, given that for different authors the thickness varies from 7 to 10 mm. Risk factors for the development of a thin endometrium are inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs and their irradiation, trauma during curettage of the uterine cavity, impaired blood supply, postpartum endometritis, adhesions, septic abortion, the use of clomiphene citrate, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, premature ovarian failure. The main diagnostic method is a transvaginal ultrasound. Currently, none of the methods for correcting the thickness of the endometrium has proven its effectiveness and none is recommended for use. Therefore, the problem remains and it is actively studied.

The study aims to examine the features of the local immune microenvironment in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia associated with human papillomavirus. Material and methods. The study included 55 women of reproductive age (18–45 years old) with HPV-associated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, divided into two groups: 28 patients with HPV-associated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of oncogenic high-risk in group 1; 27 patients with HPV-associated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of oncogenic low-risk in group 2. The comparison group consisted of 30 women operated on for gynecologic pathology not associated with abnormalities of the cervix and oncological processes of the reproductive system. An immunohistochemistry staining of the cervical biopsy material was performed with an assessment of the proportion of cells expressing receptors CD56, CD3, CD20, CD138, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Results. All women in groups 1 and 2 showed an increase in the expression of T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte receptors. In this case, the development of HPV-associated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of oncogenic high-risk is accompanied by an increase in the number of plasma cells (CD138) in the stroma and a decrease in the infiltration of epithelial cells by the macrophage colony-stimulating factor. In patients with oncogenic low-risk, there is a predominant infiltration of tissues of the cervical epithelium by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (in epithelial cells) and the smallest number of cells expressing CD56 receptors. The data obtained indicate various changes in the local immune microenvironment in tissues, depending on the degree of development of neoplasia and may be markers for the prognosis of the disease development.

The study aims to demonstrate the possibility of assessing the sensitivity of people to heliogeophysical disturbances, as well as to identify statistically significant links between the presence of gene polymorphisms associated with arterial hypertension and sensitivity to heliogeophysical disturbances. Material and methods. This article presents an original algorithm for determining the sensitivity of the human cardiovascular system to heliogeomagnetic disturbances and statistical processing of the obtained data using the χ2 test and Fisher’s exact test. The algorithm is based on the analysis of information obtained through the study of the functional activity of the heart, comparing it with the level of geomagnetic activity. In addition, the results of examinations of healthy volunteers (n = 76), regarding the relationship between the presence of gene polymorphisms associated with arterial hypertension and their sensitivity to heliogeophysical disturbances are discussed. Results. The results of statistical processing indicate the connection (p = 0.0012) between the presence of AGT 521 C > T (rs4767) polymorphism and sensitivity to heliogeophysical disturbances in examined volunteers.

The study aims to identify functional and metabolic disorders of the heart that occur under the influence of toxic doses of baclofen. Material and methods. Two series of vivisections were carried out on male Wistar rats weighing 200–300 g. Animals of the control series were injected with a 0.9 % sodium chloride solution into the stomach through a tube at the rate of 6 ml/kg of body weight. In the trial series, rats were injected into the stomach with baclofen in saline sodium chloride solution at a dose of 145 mg/kg body weight. General inhalation anesthesia was performed with sevoflurane 4 vol. % with an oxygen flow of 2 l/min in an induction chamber. The animals were fixated on their backs on the operating table. Spontaneous breathing was carried out through the mask of the anesthetic machine. The electrocardiogram, heart rate (min-1), respiratory rate (min-1) were recorded, and blood pressure was invasively measured with a BP-100 device. Arterial blood samples were taken for biochemical studies. Euthanasia was performed by intra-arterial injection of a 2 % solution of lidocaine under general anesthesia with chloral hydrate, and then pieces of the myocardium were taken for morphological examination. Results. It was found that baclofen in toxic doses disrupts the function of automatism and conduction, causes bradypnea. Morphologically, microcirculation disorders in the form of plasma separation, stasis, sludge and micro thrombosis, perivascular edema and hemorrhages, as well as cardiomyocytes damage (their wavy deformation and nuclear hyperchromatism) were revealed in the heart muscle.

The study aims to establish the features of the severity of endothelial dysfunction in case of enteral insufficiency in various models of acute surgical pathology by assessing the concentration of adhesion molecules PECAM-1 (CD31) in the blood plasma of experimental animals. Material and methods. The experiment was carried out on 25 male Chinchilla rabbits with an average weight of 2,700 ± 100 g, which were divided into 3 groups: five intact animals in group I, group II with ten rabbits in which peritonitis was modeled, group III included ten animals with acute intestinal obstruction. Mortality due to the progression of the pathological process was 8 % (two rabbits) on the 3rd day of the experiment. Throughout the experimental study, the intra-abdominal pressure was measured by a direct method. To assess the severity of intra-abdominal hypertension in animals, the indices corresponding to the
norms of intra-abdominal pressure for humans were recalculated. The experiment investigated the concentration of adhesion molecules PECAM-1 (CD31) in all groups and evaluated the pathomorphological picture of the state of the small intestine and microvasculature in acute intestinal obstruction and peritonitis. Results. In animals in group II, the concentration of CD31 was statistically significantly higher (p <0.05) compared to those in group III, where the process of acute intestinal obstruction was simulated throughout the entire experiment, which indicates more severe damage to the vascular endothelium and impaired tone of the microvasculature. When analyzing the data of measurements of intra-abdominal pressure, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups of animals. The pathological picture of the wall of the small intestine and the microvasculature depends on the stage of inflammation and the level of intra-abdominal pressure during the progression of enteral insufficiency.