The study reviewed the scientific literature available on the CyberLeninka and eLIBRARY.RU electronic scientific libraries, as well as the PubMed database. The study focused on the use of suture material with antibacterial triclosan coating for small and large intestine resection; the reduction of the risk of surgical site infection during small and large intestine resection; the feasibility of using antibiotic therapy and the validity of combining the latter with systemic antibacterial therapy; and the prospects of developing a biologically active suture material.

The study presents an analysis of the challenges and up-to-date state of leprosy worldwide, a relevant classification, systematization, and description of a clinical picture of various leprosy manifestations, as well as methods for leprosy diagnosis and treatment. The study reviews publications obtained from the eLIBRARY.RU and PubMed databases and regulatory documents on the order of medical care for patients with dermatovenereological diseases and leprosy, as well as step-by-step tactics for a dermatovenereologist in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Ugra in case of leprosy suspicion. The search depth was 10 years.

The study examines the findings of applying various methods of radiation therapy in emergency outpatient and inpatient care of elbow injuries in 878 children aged 12 months to seventeen years (7.2 + 3.9) in 2022. According to radiography findings, bone fractures included a total of 63.58 % of the humerus, 14.2 % of the radius, and 12.3 % of the ulna. According to computed tomography, bone fractures comprised 39.65 % of the humerus, 36.68 % of the radius, and 23.73 % of the ulna. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed ligament and muscle damage in all cases. The evaluation of elbow injuries should always begin with conventional anteroposterior and lateral views and other additional methods if the diagnosis is in doubt. Computed tomography is advised for obtaining a detailed image of comminuted and intraarticular fractures and when planning surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging is used to evaluate soft tissue injuries, detect extra-and intraarticular loose osteocartilaginous bodies, as well as in cases of suspected hidden fractures.

The study demonstrates findings of brain examination using new parameters of a magnetic resonance imaging protocol. Twenty-two newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy underwent magnetic resonance imaging in Surgut District Clinical Center of Maternity and Childhood Health Care from
2022 to 2023. The findings indicate the selectivity of cerebral hypoperfusion influence on certain brain areas in full-term and premature newborns. When scanning newborns, a comprehensive brain magnetic resonance imaging approach was improved and protocol for examining newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy was optimized, resulting in initiation of establishing a comprehensive multicenter trial further on.

The study presents the findings of the survey conducted among 152 practicing phlebologists, members of the Russian Phlebological Association. The survey focused on the challenges in determining etiology of trophic ulcers, which over 74 % of surgeons encounter in their practice, and their treatment; shave-therapy and the issues of its application; and the evaluation of the prospects of using shave-therapy as the most efficient treatment method in surgical practice.

The study presents the findings of clinical and laboratory markers of pancreatic changes in 111 children and teenagers with no acute pathology. The patients were divided into four groups: the control group of twenty-eight children with healthy pancreas; three groups of observation, including group 1 with twentyseven children with enlarged pancreas, group 2 with twenty-nine children with changes in pancreatic structure in a pancreas of a normal size, and group 3 with twenty-seven children with enlarged pancreas and changes in pancreatic structure. Standard methods of descriptive statistics for complaints, anamnesis, laboratory examinations of complete blood count, biochemical analysis of blood, and a stool test indicating pancreas state were used in a comparative analysis that revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in children from both the control group and observation groups. No specific clinical and laboratory markers for ultrasound changes in the pancreas and ultrasound size of the pancreas were found during a comparative analysis.

The study aims to evaluate the role of a perinatal center in a multidisciplinary hospital in the prevention of maternal mortality caused by obstetric bleeding. The study used the continuous sampling method to conduct a retrospective analysis of 185 cases of pregnancies and their outcomes in women with obstetric bleeding during pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum period treated at the Perinatal Center in Khanty-Masiysk from 2010 to 2011 and from 2019 to 2020. It was identified that primary risk factors for maternal mortality due to obstetric bleeding include iron deficiency anemia; gestational diabetes mellitus with complications; four or five pregnancies in anamnesis; and one to three scars on a uterus, which are the most significant risk factors for obstetric bleeding. From 2019 to 2020, there was a 1.3-fold increase in cases of premature detachment of normally situated placentas and a 2.5-fold increase in cases of placenta praevia with bleeding and fused placentas in the structure of hemorrhage. Taking into account existing risk factors, identifying a group of near miss cases and timely routing of patients to a level 3 medical facility is a necessary condition for preventing maternal mortality.

The study aims to assess the mechanism and efficacy of cytoprotectors as a supplementary therapy for asthenia based on a literature review. The study discusses the cardioprotective effect of exogenous phosphocreatine and meldonium efficacy, their possible role following the COVID-19 infection, especially in concomitant cardiac pathology, post-COVID-19 syndrome and its manifestation in the form of asthenia, and the need to use these energetics in comprehensive therapy for patients with such diseases.

The article reviews scientific publications on the human respiratory system’s adaptation to low temperature factors in the northern regions of Russia. It is shown that cold, as a pulmonotropic factor, has a significant impact on the human respiratory system, leading to modifications in the respiratory system intended to reduce the trauma caused by prolonged exposure to low temperatures. The present findings show that there is a decrease in maximum voluntary ventilation and forced vital capacity of the lungs with a concomitant increase in residual volume and functional residual capacity of the lungs throughout the process of human respiratory system adapting to the North environment.

The study aims to analyze the dynamics, diagnostic, and prognostic significance of C-reactive protein (CRP) in sepsis in oncohematological patients. The CRP levels were compared in 30 patients with lymphoproliferative diseases using two designs. The first design included patients who received cytostatic therapy (groups 1 and 3 with and without complications, respectively), as well as patients who received autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after cytostatic therapy (groups 2 and 4 with and without complications, respectively). The second design consisted of two groups of patients: the first with sepsis (n = 15) and the second without any complications (n = 15). In statistical analysis, the Mann–Whitney U test or Student’s t-test (at p < 0.05) were used to compare quantitative indicators according to the distribution type, and the ROC curve (AUC) was used to assess the diagnostic significance of CRP in predicting a specific outcome. Statistically significant differences were found in the level of CRP in both groups with sepsis compared to the corresponding groups without sepsis (p_1–3 < 0.001, p_2–4 < 0.001), the level of CRP depending on the outcome (recovery/death) in both study designs (p < 0.05), and the dynamics of CRP when comparing groups with sepsis. When assessing the diagnostic significance of CRP, AUC = 0.862 ± 0.029 with 95 % CI: 0.806–0.918, sensitivity (Se) was 85.7 % and specificity (Sp) was 69.7 %. When predicting 10-day mortality, AUC = 0.756 ± 0.069 with 95 % CI: 0.621–0.892, Se was 57.9 % and Sp was 89.2 %, the model was statistically significant (p < 0.001) in both cases. As an available marker, CRP has good diagnostic value in the comprehensive sepsis diagnosis, in particular in hematological oncology patients.

The study aims to determine how the reactivity of the autonomic nervous system contributes to the body’s multidrug resistance to adverse environmental effects. Volunteers were subjected to hypoxia simulation in an altitude chamber at 4 500 m and hyperthermia simulation by being exposed to a heating microclimate (40°, humidity 60–70 %). A spectral analysis of heart rhythm was used during a 5-minute continuous ECG recording to assess the characteristics of autonomic regulation. Regular changes in the frequencies and amplitudes of the leading peaks of the Fourier analysis of heart rate variability were revealed, indicating a rapid onset of the activity of the diencephalic centers of autonomic regulation and endocrine peripheral influences under adverse environmental conditions. The activity of parasympathetic regulation centers either was reduced or did not show significant dynamics. The study detected correlations between changes in the parameters of the spectral analysis of the heart rhythm and the main indicators of the state of the central nervous system, hemodynamics, and pulmonary ventilation in healthy volunteers exposed to hypoxia or hyperthermia. Thus, it is possible to consider the reactivity of autonomic regulation as a modifying factor in the body’s resistance to extreme effects.