The study aims to analyze remote monitoring methods for carbohydrate metabolism in children with type I diabetes mellitus according to the scientific literature from Scopus, eLIBRARY.RU, ScienceDirect, and Cyber-Leninka. The search depth is 7 years. The study assesses the remote monitoring affecting indicators of carbohydrate metabolism, determines advantages and disadvantages of the self-control method, and identifies the possibility to create a complex for efficient use of data obtained from continuous and flash-monitoring and to implement the data into regional programs to improve the management of type I diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents.

The study aims to generalize data on the topic of methods for risk stratification of bronchial asthma in children, preliminary with wheezing, obtained from domestic and foreign literature from PubMed and eLIBRARY.RU. The search depth was 25 years. The study compared numerous predictive models, such as traditional clinical and laboratory scoring systems and high-technology monomarkers of a disease, with an emphasis on the most informative prospective examinations. The theoretical potential and practical results of studying protein in the extracellular matrix of periostin and laminin were analyzed as forecast markers of bronchial asthma in children.

The study aims to analyze epidemiological situation for diabetes mellitus, with its complications and outcomes, in the adult population of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Ugra by January 1, 2022. The analysis is conducted on the basis of the regional component of the Federal Register using diabetes mellitus data for 2021. It is determined that leading epidemiological indicators of diabetes mellitus in the region correspond to global and Russian trends and pace. Diabetic polyneuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic nephropathy are leading microangiopathic complications in diabetes mellitus. Monitoring of leading clinical and demographical indicators of diabetes mellitus allows for optimization and planning of medical care for the region’s population, decision-making in primary and secondary preventive care of diabetes mellitus, patient logistics and routing, and advancing of screening and early diagnosis approaches.

The study aims to compare the outcomes of 160 labor cases and their infants born at gestational age from 37 + 0 to 42 + 0 weeks prior and following the implementation of fetal scalp testing into gynecological practice as an additional method to diagnose fetal hypoxia. The examination included a retrospective study of 80 women in labor and 80 newborns before the scalp test, and a prospective study of another 80 women in labor and 80 newborns after the test. The results of the study demonstrated a reduced number of instrumental deliveries and an improvement in the state and outcomes of newborns with severe asphyxia by the first postnatal year. After intranatal lactate blood sampling in the early neonatal period, newborns with severe asphyxia demonstrated a significantly reduced rate of pathological pattern when their amplitude-integrated electroencephalography was recorded, and their hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy was lower as well. In 24 months of observation, there were no statistically significant neurological complications in most of the children with severe asphyxia.

The study aims to examine the influence of local endometrial injury on the results of thawed embryo transfer programs in patients with endometrial hypoplasia based on the analysis of clinical cases. The author analyzes two clinical cases of performing scratching prior to the implementation of the assisted reproductive technologies program in patients with “thin” endometrium and evaluates its effectiveness. Embryo implantation is a key stage limiting the effectiveness of assisted reproductive technologies, and depends on the receptivity and selectivity of theendometrium, the quality of the blastocyst, as well as on their cross-interaction. At the same time, two-thirds of implantation failures may be associated with endometrium impaired susceptibility. Endometrial hypoplasia is believed to be associated with a decrease in the probability of embryo attachment. Various therapeutic approaches have been proposed to improve its receptivity. The technology of local damage to the uterine mucosa was applied before the program of assisted reproductive technologies in two patients with “thin” endometrium. Following the transfer of thawed embryos, uterine pregnancy occurred in both cases, which ended with operative delivery on time.

The study aims to analyze the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection and age-associated therapeutic comorbidities in groups of elderly patients in order to detect their interrelation and determine the diagnosis. Based on the data obtained from domestic and foreign literature on predictors of SARS-CoV-2 severity, indications for in-patient treatment, textbooks on resuscitation, outcomes, and age-associated and comorbid factors of its course, the authors examined clinical and epidemiological indicators of 22,628 patients with acute stages of moderate, severe, and extremely severe course of SARS-CoV-2, including 772 patients with long COVID, who underwent treatment in post-COVID hospital from 2020 to 2022. The study shows that during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, many residents of the region required hospitalization as well as admission to intensive care departments. In addition to that, elderly patients, especially those with metabolically associated pathology, form a group of patients with a high risk of a severe course of the disease, which worsens the patient’s state in accordance with the complications’ development. Thus, these patients required a special approach to the algorithm of treatment and diagnosis with an analysis of all clinical and epidemiological gerontological aspects of novel infection and the relation between the course and the outcome of the disease in patients with comorbidities.

The study aims to compare and assess the esthetic results of using autologous fat grafting and silicone implants for breast augmentation in I type ptosis in mammary glands in 29 patients who underwent surgical
treatment in the department of rehabilitation surgery of the Republican Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery and the Medical Center for Laser and Plasty Surgery “ORMED” in 2019–2022. The patients included 18 females
(I group) who received autologous fat-grafts and 11 females (II group) who received silicone implants, all patients underwent early and long-term ultrasound diagnosis as well as magnetic resonance imaging. In the II group, there were two complications registered in the post-operative period: accumulation of fluid around the implant, which prevented engraftment and formation of the capsule in one woman, and development of capsular contracture detected at the early stage of the onset of the pathological process in the other. Autologous fat grafting demonstrated complete engraftment of transplanted tissues in six patients (75 %). Fat resorption and no effect of surgical intervention were noted in one patient who subsequently received silicone implantation. Further research can help minimize the frequency of adipose tissue lysis, as well as other types of complications that occur following such procedures.

The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of autovenous plasty for thumb replantation. From 2014 to 2021, the Republican Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery (Dushanbe) performed 18 thumb replantations and revascularizations, with 8 (44.4 %) patients having complete traumatic thumb amputation and one patient undergoing replantation using autovenous plasty for primary fusion of the metacarpophalangeal joint. After the surgical interventions, 94.4 % of patients showed positive results, including 7 patients (39 %) with completely engrafted replanted parts preserving thumb function, whereas one patient (5.6 %) demonstrated signs of ischemia of the replanted part of the thumb. Thus, in the case of crushed and avulsion traumatic amputations with damaged anatomical structure of a large part of the vascular-nervous bundle and virtually no chances for successful replantation, radial digital autovenous plasty allows expanding the indications for thumb replantation, which is critical for the hand function.

The study aims to present a complicated clinical case of a woman who almost died due to comorbid obstetric pathology associated with a coronavirus infection. The term “near miss” refers to the detailed analysis of each clinical case classified as a critical obstetric condition, as well as the registration of patients with such conditions in the Russian register established in 2021 to prevent maternal mortality and make management decisions. A severe clinical near miss case of a female patient included the following serious obstetric syndromes: postpartum obstetric hemorrhage followed by uterine artery embolization, endomyometritis by the third day, partial thrombosis of the branches of the right lower lobe pulmonary artery by the seventh day, thrombosis of parametrial vessels, partial necrosis of the uterus by the eighth day, and a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 by the thirteenth day after delivery. The complexity of diagnosis and treatment is demonstrated in the results of the study in the acute period and in the outcome of the disease.

The study aims to analyze changes in the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children before and after use of conjugate vaccinations against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b in order to develop diagnostic strategies and empirical methods of treatment. The scientific literature on demographic indicators and the trigger profile of community-acquired pneumonia in children before and after massive use of conjugate vaccines in many countries was searched for in PubMed, Web of Science, and RISC and reviewed. Routine Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination rapidly lowered the morbidity and severity of community-acquired pneumonia in children. There was a dramatic decline in common bacterial triggers and an increase in viruses and atypical bacteria (Mycoplasma pneumoniae) in the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children.

The study aims to analyze the features of comorbidity and the nature of the course of sepsis in oncohematological patients. A comparative analysis of the clinical examination and observation data of 25 patients with lymphoproliferative diseases (multiple myeloma and lymphomas) was carried out. The patients were divided into four groups as follows: the first group included patients who had received cytostatic therapy with sepsis complications, while the third group comprised those without complications; the second and fourth groups included patients with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after the course of cytostatic therapy with and without sepsis complications, respectively. The statistical analysis of the data obtained was carried out with the nonparametric Mann–Whitney test, the χ2 test and Fisher’s exact test were used in the analysis of qualitative indicators with p < 0.05. There were pronounced stages of chronic cardiovascular pathology in groups with sepsis complications, including those with fatal outcomes, which demonstrated the critical importance of vascular disruption as an underlying disease in the development, course, and outcomes of sepsis. In the study of biomarkers reflecting the activity of inflammation and cellular damage, the level of C-reactive protein in both groups with sepsis statistically significantly differed from that of groups without sepsis, while the level of lactate dehydrogenase showed statistically
significant differences between the first and the corresponding third comparison group. A dramatic increase in the level of lactate dehydrogenase was detected in both groups with transplantation of autologous hematopoietic stem cells with and without sepsis complications. That corresponds to the literature data and is associated with an increase in the level of cell lysis following transplantation. There were no statistically significant differences in the level of thrombocytopenia (a typical marker value) between groups with sepsis and groups without sepsis. The earch for markers of risk and the severe course of sepsis require further research.

The study aims to assess the effect of a two-hour inhalation with a krypton and oxygen mixture following the photo-induced cerebral infarction simulation on the manifestation of neurological deficits and the degree of brain injury in rats. The tests were conducted on male Wistar rats weighting 250 to 300 g (n = 20). Following photo-induced cerebral infarction simulation, the rodents underwent inhalation with a nitrogen and oxygenmixture N2 70 %/O2 30 % (group Nitrogen; n = 10) or a krypton and oxygen gas mixture Kr 70 %/O2 30 % (group Krypton; n = 10) for two hours. For the next 14 days, the rats were examined. On the 3rd, 7th, and 14th days, the authors performed a neurological test Limb placement, as well as euthanasia and brain removal for histological and immunohistochemical examinations. It was determined that a two-hour inhalation with a krypton and oxygen gas mixture substantiated more prominent rehabilitation of rats’ neurological states by the seventh day, as well as increased the reparation and regeneration of their injured brains