The study aims to evaluate characteristics of kidney injury in COVID-19 patients with comorbidities. Materials and methods. Literature on the topic of pathogenesis, course, outcome, and prognosis of COVID-19 as well as randomized controlled clinical trials were reviewed. Results. COVID-19 is a severe disease that can worsen or cause kidney injury de novo. Kidney is the primary target organ for novel infection. Patients with comorbidities are also at higher risk for adverse COVID-19 outcomes.

The study aims to determine the main risk factors, identify the frequency and prevalence of complications in healthy and apparently healthy women and compare the obtained data with that of Kirov’s general population based on the conducted clinical and epidemiological study on social risk factors of complications of the gestational process and labor outcomes in this category of women. Materials and methods. 692 healthy and apparently healthy women, registered for pregnancy in the antenatal clinics in Kirov from October 1, 2016 to September 30, 2017, took a survey. Results. According to the data obtained, prevalence of pregnancy and labor complications in healthy and apparently healthy women corresponded to that of Kirov’s general population.

The study aims to analyze the features of COVID-19 infection and pregnancy complications according to the critical obstetric states in patients under conditions of western zone of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Ugra. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 148 cases of COVID-19 in patients who delivered in the Perinatal Center of the 3rd level Multidisciplinary Hospital in Khanty-Mansiysk was conducted using a continuous sampling method. The analyzed material was divided into 4 comparison subgroups: IA, IB, IC, ID depending on the time of infection and labor. Statistical analysis was carried out using StatTech v. 2.8.4 (Stattech LLC, Russia) and Statistika 10 (USA). Results. The group of pregnant patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in the perinatal center in Khanty-Mansiysk in 2021 included: 54.7 % of patients with mild infection, 32.4 % with moderate infection, and ь12,8 % with severe and extremely severe infection, with increase in moderate and severe infections in 2021. Patients with COVID-19 had a statistically significant increase in the proportion of premature births at 3rd and 4th waves of infection (34.3 and 38.5 %), with the lowest delivery time of 36.8 (35.1–39.4) weeks on average. In addition, they showed the worst indicators of newborns health state resulting in 28.6 and 26.2 % of children transferring to the neonatal intensive care unit.

The study aims to determine the relation between the indicators of acid-base balance and umbilical cord blood gases in full-term newborns with a low Apgar score. Materials and methods. A retrospective cohort study of 273 newborns in the Perinatal Center of the Khanty-Mansiysk was conducted by random selection for the period of 2015–2018. The main group consisted of 63 full-term newborns with a low Apgar score of < 7 at the 1st
minute of life. The comparison gr oup consisted of 210 full-term newborns with an Apgar score of > 7 at the 1st minute after birth. Born at 38–42 weeks from single pregnancies, all newborns showed no malformations. As soon as the umbilical cord was clamped and cut, the blood samples were taken from the umbilical vein to be analyzed with an automated EASYSTAT analyzer (Medica, USA). Results. A low Apgar score at the 1st minute refl ects the state of acidosis at birth in 62 % of cases, at the 5th minute – in 81 %. Signifi cant cord blood acidosis (pH ≤ 7.1) was observed 2 times more often in newborns with a low Apgar score at the 5th minute of life than at the 1st minute (33.3 and 68.8 %, p = 0.010). The frequency of neonatal acidosis, even with a normal Apgar score at the 5th minute, was detected in 4.3 % of cases (pH ≤ 7.1), and severe case of acidosis (pH ≤ 7.0) in 0.8 %. An Apgar score correlated more closely with pH of blood than with acid-base balance and umbilical cord blood gases. It is recommended to determine the pH of umbilical cord blood as it refl ects the condition of the newborn more accurately than other
indicators.

The study aims to analyze the possibilities of common multiaxial polypositional X-ray examination in the diagnosis of esophageal and gastric diverticula, as well as their complications. Materials and methods. 112 patients with esophageal (108) and gastric (4) diverticula got their chest,
esophageal and stomach examined using the common multiaxial polypositional X-ray barium swallow examination. Results. The examination found pulsatile diverticula in 93 patients, tractional diverticula in 5 patients, and mixed ones (tractional and pulsatile) in 10 patients. 7 patients had pharyngealesophageal diverticula, 64 patients had mid-esophageal diverticula, and 37 patients – epiphrenic diverticula. During the examination, the shape and size of diverticula was changing depending on the degree of their filling with a contrast medium. In 47 cases, diverticula were complicated by diverticulitis and esophagitis. In clinical picture, these complications manifested as neck and retrosteral pain, pain radiation to the occiput, scapula, lateral sides of thoracic cavity depending on the localization of diverticula. Single diverticula were found in 98 patients, and multiple ones – in 14 patients. One case presented the malignancy of the pulsatile diverticulum. The size of diverticula ranged from small to very large, compressing the esophagus itself. Clinical cases of 2 patients with enormous Zenker’s diverticula are presented. Examination of single and multiple gastric diverticula are also described.

The study aims to evaluate the eff ectiveness of the software module for detecting clusters of microcalcifi cations according to data received from digital mammography. Materials and methods. Program for Detecting Clusters of Microcalcifi cations on Digital Mammograms was developed. The certifi cate of state registration of the computer program No. 2021681653 was received on December 23, 2021. A retrospective analysis of mammography studies of 248 patients who were diagnosed with cancer without clinical manifestations in 2016–2021 was carried out. The eff ectiveness of the software module for detecting clusters of microcalcifi cations was evaluated. Results. The developed Program for Detecting Clusters of Microcalcifi cations on Digital Mammograms increases the effi ciency of diagnosing breast cancer at an early stage.

The study aims to evaluate the effi ciency and advisability of using magnetic resonance imaging in patients after placing breast silicone implants. Materials and methods. The study included 94 patients who underwent surgery on placing breast silicone implants in 2005–2022. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed within a period of three months to 4 years following the surgery. Results. In 12.7 % of cases (n = 12), magnetic resonance imaging detected fl uid accumulation in the area around the implant. The use of magnetic resonance imaging makes it possible to detect such fl uid accumulations at an early stage, resulting in their elimination and prevention of contractures and other adverse outcomes.

The study aims to present a clinical case of fetal malformation, namely pentalogy of Cantrell associated with skeletal dysplasia, detected in one of the fetuses in dichorionic diamniotic twins to discuss pregnancy management and possible ways to prevent the progression of malformation. Materials and methods. 37-year-old patient, who got pregnant via in vitro fertilization, was diagnosed with dichorionic diamniotic twins and multiple congenital malformations in one of the fetuses, namely pentalogy of Cantrell associated with skeletal dysplasia (diaphragmatic hernia, thoracoabdominal ectopic cordis, congenital intracardial defects, lumbar spine malformation, sacrococcygeal deformity, extensive median suprapubic deformity, liver and intestinal loops outside the abdominal cavity, deformity of the lower extremities). Results. Pentalogy of Cantrell is a severe variant of
associated congenital malformation with a high risk of an unfavorable outcome. The decision to prolong pregnancy was made due to the other viable and healthy fetus

The study aims to investigate the possibilities of correction of long-term functioning hemodynamically signifi cant patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants according to pathogenetic factors of its formation. Materials and methods. Meta-analyses on hemodynamically signifi cant patent ductus arteriosus in preterm newborns for the last 10 years were analyzed. Literature on pathophysiology of preterm newborns and pathophysiology of patent ductus arteriosus presented a basis of the study. Results. The study reveals the pathogenetic basis of the search and the mechanisms of the formation of certain pathogenetic factors, which personalize the tactics of managing preterm infants with hemodynamically signifi cant patent ductus arteriosus.

The study aims to evaluate the efficiency of plasmapheresis in preconception care of women with recurrent miscarriage associated with antiphospholipid syndrome based on the frequency of detection of antiphospholipid antibodies. Materials and methods. Blood samples of 137 patients were examined to determine antiphospholipid antibodies using solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and after a course of 7 plasmapheresis procedures. Results. The study recorded that 74.5 % of patients had antibodies to β2-glikoproteinu-1, 68.6 % had total antibodies to phospholipids, 35 % had antibodies to cardiolipin, 27 % had lupus anticoagulant, and 19.7 % had antibodies to β-subunit human chorionic gonadotropin. The course of plasmapheresis procedures reduces the frequency of antibody detection by 2–3 times and can be used in
preconception care of women with miscarriage associated with antiphospholipid syndrome.

The study aims to evaluate the eff ect of mineralocorticoid receptor blockade on the adaptation strategy of rats with diff erent stress resistance in the post-traumatic period after myocardial contusion. Materials and methods. The stress resistance of rats was evaluated with the Porsolt forced swimming test and open fi eld test. Each category of rats (low-, medium- and high-resistant) was divided into three groups: control, myocardial contusion, heart contusion + eplerenone. The myocardial contusion was simulated using the original device. Prior to injury simulation, rodents received eplerenone injection for 10 days at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day. 24 hours after simulating myocardial contusion and in the control testing, rectal temperature was measured, levels of corticosterone, total protein, albumins, triglycerides, glucose, lactic acid were determined in the blood, the total number of leukocytes, white blood cell count and leukocyte indices were calculated. The total antioxidant capacity and the level of reduced glutathione were determined in the myocardial tissue. Statistical data processing was carried out using methods of descriptive statistics and sample comparison (Mann–Whitney U test). The level of statistical signifi cance is assumed to be 0.05. Data processing was carried out with IBM SPSS Statistics 23. Results. In comparison with the group without pharmacological treatment, low- and medium-resistant rats treated with eplerenone were recorded with signifi cantly lower level of corticosterone, triglycerides, glucose, and lactic acid in blood plasma, as well as higher values of the total antioxidant capacity and the level of reduced glutathione in the myocardium in the post-traumatic period after myocardial contusion. The total number of leukocytes, the percentage of segmented, band neutrophils and the nuclear shift index in rodents treated with eplerenone were statistically signifi cantly lower compared with the other group. The described eff ects of eplerenone are most likely implemented via the direct cardioprotective eff ect related to a decrease in the production of free radicals, and mediated by a decrease in heart pre- and afterload.

The study aims to analyze a clinical case of movement disorders in a patient with Parkinson’s disease and a method for its treatment using botulinum toxin. Materials and methods. A clinical case of Parkinson’s disease is presented, movement disorders are analyzed, a protocol for the introduction of botulinum toxin into target muscles by means of computed tomography navigation is described, and the results of treatment are evaluated. Results. The use of botulinum toxin therapy proved to be an effi cient treatment for postural anomalies in the clinical case presented.