The study aims to analyze scientific literature devoted to the bariatric surgery effect on the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, to identify patterns and determinants of the effect made, to formulate a theory of optimization of the treatment algorithm for the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with obesity. Material and methods. In the course of the study, the scientific literature on the topic of the effect of bariatric surgery on the fatty liver disease was searched in the following databases: Springer, Pubmed, IFSO, Google Scholar. The search included articles written both in English and in Russian, which were published starting from 2015. The keywords used: bariatric surgery effect on the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, bariatric surgery and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, mechanisms of the bariatric surgery effect on the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, methods of treatment for the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD, bariatric surgery and NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver, methods of treatment NAFLD. Results. The non-alcoholic fatty liver disease can be a factor allowing to expand the indications for bariatric surgery performance to the patients with 1-2 stages of obesity, according to the scientific literature review. It is obvious that a solid evidence ground based on additional experimental and practical materials and randomized clinical trials is required for the introduction of such an algorithm of treatment into everyday practice.

The study aims to analyze the possibilities of early diagnostics of a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, proceeding with metabolically associated pathology, in order to determine its significance in comorbidity. Material and methods. In the course of the 3-staged combined study, an analysis of 595 cases of a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in cohort of 2 030 patients with metabolically associated comorbid pathology was carried out. Results. Additional possibilities and criteria for diagnostics are obtained. They include use of non-invasive calculators for liver fibrosis diagnostics and calculation of risk factor for the development of a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, inter alia obesity as a modified factor of liver fibrosis, especially at the stage of a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Metabolically associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is determined by such factors as type 2 diabetes, abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease and the
development of liver disease in individuals with types IIb and IV atherogenic dyslipidemia.

The study aims to assess the effect of vitamin D deficiency on the severity of caries in children. Material and methods. In the course of the study, 46 children (47.8 % of girls and 52.1 % of boys) were examined by the severity
of caries. The age of the children ranged from 6 months to 6 years old. The examined children were divided into two subgroups: the I group consisted of 22 children with the level of 25(OH)D3 < 25 nmol/L; the II group consisted of
24 children with the level of 25(OH)D3 > 50 nmol/L. Results. Calcium-phosphorus metabolism defect in vitamin D deficiency is accompanied by the risk of low mineralization of dental enamel, which leads to an increase in carious process activity.

The study aims to analyze the possibilities of the magnetic resonance imaging method in acute lesions of the epiphyses and metaphyses of bones in children over one year old and adolescents. Material and methods. In the course of the study, the analysis of the radiography studies data of 76 urgently applied patients with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis was carried out. The age of the patients ranged from 1 to 17 years old, with
predominance of male patients of 12-18 years old (70 %). Results. The early period of osteomyelitis process was characterized with X-ray negative diagnostic stage due to the absence of destructive changes in the bone tissue. No signs of destruction were found during the first X-ray in 93.4 % (63/76) children with confirmed diagnosis of acute inflammatory disease. The ultrasound imaging study has shown the diagnostic efficiency in relation with
soft tissue and pathology of joint structures, providing indirect information about the bone pathology. Magnetic resonance imaging, performed at the early stage of inflammatory process, fully (76/76; 100 %) allowed to visualize
intramedullary changes such as trabecular edema of the bone marrow, periosteal thickening (73/76, 96.1 %) and changes of the paraosseous soft tissues (75/76; 98.7 %). These changes were determined on the 3-5th day of
the disease. The signs of synovitis were determined by magnetic resonance imaging, whilst ultrasound imaging provided information in 78.9 % of cases.

The study aims to analyze the features of the colposcopical picture and performance of the cervical biopsy during preconception care. Material and methods. In the course of the study, the literature of domestic and foreign authors was studied from PubMed and eLibrary. The search depth is 10 years. The search was carried out using the following keywords: severe atypical lesion of stratified squamous epithelium, cervix loop excision, human
papillomavirus, allokin alpha lyophilisate. In the course of the study, 44 patients, who are planning pregnancy (inter alia, assisted reproductive technologies application), with abnormal colposcopic picture corresponding mild and severe lesions of stratified squamous epithelium, have been examined. Results. The cervical biopsy was performed for the first time in life in 33 patients (75 %); 11 patients (25 %) previously had partial cervical biopsy, which had been performed 3 or more months before the study was carried out. Cervix loop excisional biopsy in combination with immune modulatory drugs use revealed severe lesions of stratified squamous epithelium in all patients. Control tests performed 3 months later determined a high level of human papillomavirus elimination. The above results in combination with negative resection margin allow proceeding with pregnancy planning, including assisted reproductive technologies application (if needed).

The study aims to examine the prevalence and peculiarities of flow (according to clinical cases) of some tropical infections, not typical to spread in Russian climate. Material and methods. In the course of the study, the scientific literature was analyzed from the search system Google Scholar as well as from the following databases: eLibrary, Cyberleninka. The study arranges science data on occurrence and communication of dirofilariasis and myiasis in Russia and worldwide, presents the description of two clinical cases. Results. Climate change as well as a mass migration of population may lead to the expansion of original area of tropical infections not only to the South of Russia but also to its northern territories.

The study aims to present an analysis of a clinical case of severe exacerbation of multiple sclerosis with a late gestation period in a patient with high disease activity, to assess the possibility of choosing modern methods of treating the disease, taking into account the effectiveness for the mother and the risk for the child. Material and methods. A clinical case of multiple sclerosis is presented: the anamnesis of the disease, the dynamics of symptoms during exacerbation and in its outcome, the therapeutic difficulties of managing the patient during pregnancy and the possibility of controlling the activity of the disease before and during pregnancy as well as after labor are analyzed. Results. Pulse therapy with methyl-prednisone at a dose of 1 000 mg daily, then every other day, in the amount of 7 infusions, followed by intravenous immunoglobulin, allowed to stop a severe exacerbation in a patient with a pregnancy of 34+3 weeks, with a highly active flow of multiple sclerosis, without a response to the drugs used. There were no side effects of treatment at the time of discharge from the hospital. No complications that could be attributed to the side effects of steroid treatment were found in the catamnesis of the mother and the newborn. The worsening of the neurological deficit occurred three months after labor.

The study aims to consider the main functions of endothelium in the regulation of vascular wall permeability in critical conditions, as well as humoral factors affecting the state of the endothelium. Material and methods. In the course of the study, 38 sources were selected for the literary review out of 350 scientific publications obtained from various databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, RSCI). Results. The review details the role of the most important etiological and pathogenetic factors in the formation of endothelial dysfunction and the significance of endothelial damage in the pathogenesis of various pathological processes and conditions caused by both chronic diseases and disorders and acute processes.

The study aims to review the scientific literature devoted to the diagnostic and prognostic significance of various biomarkers in patients with acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery. Material and methods. The scientific
literature was searched in the following databases: Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, PubMed and RSCI. The keywords: acute kidney injury, biomarkers, cardiac surgery. The search depth is 10 years. Results. The possibility of
using standard criteria for the diagnosis of renal damage, based on the measuring of the amount of urine output and the concentration of serum creatinine, does not satisfy the possibility to verify the pathology at the subclinical stage, since an increase in the latter can occur only after significant damage of the renal structures. Considering these aspects, attempts have been made to search for more sensitive and specific biomarkers of renal damage. The study discusses the problem of using the definition “acute kidney injury” in the context of diagnosis, considers the possibilities and basic requirements for the use of biomarkers in clinical practice, and also presents the values of some of the main markers of acute renal damage (NGAL, FABP1, calprotectin and KIM-1).

The study aims to assess the predictive potential of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione for the diagnosis of severe damage of the central nervous system in premature infants. Material and methods. The main group of the study is premature newborns with gestational age less than 36 weeks inclusive (n = 60), the control group – full-term newborns (n = 25). In the process of dynamic observation, the main group was divided into subgroups depending on the diagnosed central nervous system injury in the neonatal period, according to the data of instrumental methods of examination (intraventricular hemorrhages of varying severity, periventricular leukomalacia): subgroup 1 (prematurity with central nervous system injury) – 25 people, subgroup 2 (premature babies without central nervous system injury) – 35 people. A study of oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity, blood levels of enzymes Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD and glutathione in the early neonatal period was carried out. Results. Premature newborns differ in the level of antioxidant protection and children with lower indicators of antioxidant status are prone to the development of severe organic damage of the central nervous system in the neonatal period. There were no significant differences in studied parameters between full-term and premature infants without
central nervous system injury. Cu,Zn-SOD and glutathione can be used in clinical practice as predictors of organic damage of the central nervous system.

The study aims to determine the role of the allogenic fetal cells in the breast tumor tissue with various receptor status of tumor cells. Material and methods. Allogenic fetal cells in the tissues of the central zone of the tumor
environment were determined by the FISH method in 36 patients with newly diagnosed invasive adenocarcinoma of the mammary gland. Results. 72.2 % of women were confirmed to have allogenic fetal cells recorded in the
range from 1 to 25. The highest statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) number of cells was found in IIB stage, with the subtype luminal B+ (hormone receptor positive and HER2+). Low (less than 10 %) lymphocyte infiltration was found
in all patients’ central zone of the tumor, in the area of the fetal cells. However, the lowest statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) indicator was obtained in one of the most adverse course subtype luminal B+ HER2+, in the group
of women with diagnosed fetal cells. A linear correlation was noted between the number of allogenic cells and lymphocytes in the same patients, which additionally indicates a decrease in the immunological activity of tissues
and a prognostic adverse outcome in treatment and remission.

The study aims to analyze the possible negative effect of a blueberry extract on the reproductive (generative) function of female rats at different stages of reproduction (gametogenesis; sexual behavior; maturation, quality and transport of germ cells; ability to conceive and fertilize). Material and methods. In the course of the study, a polyphenolic ethanol and distilled water solution of extracts of wild blueberry was produced. The gonadotoxicity
of the extract was carried out at the maximum therapeutic dose (50-70 mg/kg of polyphenols, i.e. 0.5 ml/rat intragastrically). The experiments ran in two stages: the first stage was to assess the effect of the drug on the sexual
cycle of females and the state of the reproductive organs; the second stage was to study the ability to fertilize and conceive. The experiments were carried out on a total of 40 female rats: 20 female rats both in the trial and in the
control groups. After female rats were injected with the blueberry extract for 15 days, male rats were paired up with them for a period of 2 estrous cycles (10 days). All the groups were divided into two subgroups. Orthothanasia of
female rats was carried out by an overdose of CO2. Autopsy of one subgroup of females was performed on the 20th day of pregnancy, while the second subgroup was left to give birth. The offsprings were observed for 1 month,
with the general physical condition and behavior, weight dynamics and death of the rat pups recorded. The levels of pre- and post-implantation mortality were determined. The fertility index was calculated to assess the ability
to fertilize and conceive. The statistical processing of the results was obtained using such programs as Microsoft Excel, STATISTICA 10. Results. The obtained data indicates that there is neither negative effect on the reproductive
function nor embryotoxicity of blueberry polyphenol extract. The study can serve as the basis for a preclinical platform for upcoming clinical studies.