The study aims to analyze literature, devoted to the endometriosis and to define the alleged etiological factors and mechanisms for the pathology formation. Material and methods. The publications of Russian and foreign scientists from scientific databases such as CyberLeninka, Scopus, PubMed, were studied. Based on the analysis of the literature, possible causes and mechanisms of pathology formation in women with endometriosis are considered. Results. Endometriosis is formed in the presence of changes in hormonal regulation, factors of tissue immunity, and molecular disorders. This disease reduces the function of the reproductive system. At the same time, the problem of endometriosis with the determination of the causes and mechanisms of its formation remains unresolved and requires further study.

The study aims to establish the possible association of pneumonia of viral etiology with the absence of infiltrative changes in chest radiograph among cases of X-ray-negative pneumonia in clinical practice. Material and methods. The search for potential features of the viral etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in the PubMed and CyberLeninka databases is made. A simultaneous study of cases of X-ray-negative pneumonia among children based on the analysis of data from the pediatric department of the children’s city hospital in the city of Yekaterinburg is carried out. Two groups were formed: 20 children with X-ray-negative pneumonia (1.7 ± 0.2 years), 18 children with a confirmatory X-ray of community-acquired pneumonia (2.3 ± 0.2 years). Results. Based on the calculation of features for pneumonia that does not have an infiltrate according to radiography, the number of accurate signs characteristic of the viral etiology of community-acquired pneumonia was determined. These signs are the limited data on physical examination of the respiratory system, the absence of purulent sputum and evident pro-inflammatory changes in blood tests, and a disproportionate increase in heart rate or breathing rate. Warning signs of the disease were anamnestic features that are the presence of malnutrition, immunodeficiency, and intrauterine infection in children.

The study aims to assess the course of pregnancy in patients with placenta accreta after uterine artery
embolization and intraoperative bleeding control. Material and methods. In the course of the work, a prospective multivariate analysis of 117 medical histories of pregnant women with a single child pregnancy that ended in childbirth or abortion is made. Group I (main) includes women (n = 106) with a singleton pregnancy, who had uterine artery embolization due to placenta accreta. Group II (n = 10) consists of women who in the postpartum period underwent surgical hemostasis without hysterectomy to stop bleeding. Reproductive function in women who underwent uterine artery embolization is studied. Results. Preparation for consecutive pregnancy in patients with a history of placenta accreta and uterine artery embolization allows preserving reproductive function without significant complications.

The study aims to determine the diagnostic significance of body mass index and relative fat mass in children with bronchial asthma. Material and methods. The 64 children aged 6–17 are examined considering their body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and relative fat mass assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Statistical and correlation analyses of the obtained data are conducted. Results. Judging by the body mass index obesity was found in every third child regardless of their age. Relative fat mass index calculation indicated latent obesity in 73 % of children. Correlation analysis showed a strong and direct connection between the percentage of fat mass and severity of bronchial asthma without regard to age and sex of children. The significance of abdominal obesity is proved by the direct correlation of severity of bronchial asthma and waist-to-hip ratio in female children.

The study aims to study gender-specific features for electrical heterogeneity of myocardium in alcohol addicts of young age. Material and methods. We examined 60 patients including 30 men (average age 37,23 (34,00–41,00)) and 30 women (average age 35,97 (34,00–40,00)). Slow-fragmented myocardial activity and QT-d interval
dispersion are evaluated on a high-resolution electrocardiograph. Ethanol concentration in blood and electrolyte levels in serum is measured. Results. The study results indirectly confirm researchers’ opinions about abstinence a as crucial period for myocardial arrhythmogenic activity formation. Gender-specific features characterize alcoholinduced electrical heterogeneity of myocardium in the frequency and severity of violations of repolarization processes in acute and withdrawal periods. Electrophysiological disorders of the myocardium in the withdrawal period are accompanied by changes in electrolyte balance represented by decreased concentrations of potassium in men and calcium in women.

The study aims to evaluate the long-term results of the radioiodine therapy in the presence of Graves’ disease in patients of the radiological department of the Multidisciplinary Clinical Medical Center “Meditsinskii gorod”, Tyumen. Material and methods. The study includes 152 patients with Graves’ disease who received radioiodine therapy in 2018–2019. Clinical and laboratory outcomes as well as the quality of life are evaluated six months after the treatment. Results. The therapeutic success of radioiodine treatment was achieved in 96.7% of cases and most of the patients noted a significant improvement in the quality of life.

The study aims to study the long-term treatment results of patients with lower limb varicose veins using endovenous laser ablation and to determine the optimal tactics for correction of impaired circulation in different cases of anatomical recurrence. Material and methods. Тhe article presents the treatment results of 464 patients. The average diameter of the saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junctions of the operated veins was 0.85 cm. We used a laser with a wavelength of 1 470 nm and a constant speed 0.5 mm/s of automatic reverse traction of the light guide. The follow-up period after the operation was from two to five years. Results. Тhe period of manifestation of a clinical picture of a recurrence of varicose disease on average is 2.3 years (from nine months to four years). The frequency of recurrence of varicose veins is 16%. The main causes of recurrence are technical and tactical errors. The diameter of a vein that we expose to ablation is a significant risk factor for the recurrence of varicose veins (p < 0.001). Clinical recurrence in another venous pool and due to perforating veins occurred in
20 % of cases (with a follow-up period up to five years). The main methods of elimination of pathological venous reflux and varicose veins in the detection of recurrence are laser ablation, foam sclerotherapy, microphlebectomy. The risk of a clinically significant recurrence of varicose disease can be reduced by actively searching for its possible sources in the process of dynamic observation.

The study aims to present a rare clinical case of Burkitt lymphoma with primary heart disease. Material
and methods. A clinical case of a patient with late-onset Burkitt lymphoma is presented and data from clinical, laboratory and instrumental methods of diagnosis are given. Results. The symptoms of the disease were dominated by heart failure and cardiac conduction disorder. The course of the disease history from the onset of the first symptoms to histological and immunohistochemical verification of the tumor was 1 month. The rapid aggressive growth of the tumor with the development of severe intracardiac hemodynamic compromise made the cytoreductive surgery impossible and led to an unfavorable outcome. High alertness of doctors, the fastest and most complete diagnostics with all available means, the immediate start of treatment, both conservative and surgical, will help improve outcomes in patients with malignant cardiac tumors.

The study aims to analyze pathogenetic factors of heart damage in fatal blood loss and after resuscitation based on scientific literature. Material and methods. The article describes current data on the mechanisms for the dysfunction of automatism, excitability, myocardial conduction and contractility, detected in experimental animals during dying, clinical death from acute blood loss, and in rehabilitation period after resuscitation. The pathogenesis of metabolic disorders in the myocardium during clinical death and after resuscitation is revealed. The mechanisms of structural damage to the heart are given. Results. The review contains data obtained in the conditions of an isolated isovolumically contracting heart, which makes it possible to assess the true severity and depth of its damage regardless of the whole body and its contribution to the development of post resuscitative circulatory failure.

The study aims to present literature data on the technology and effectiveness of the use of platelet-rich
plasma in hair transplantation. Material and methods. We studied the publications of foreign authors, reviews of randomized controlled trials from various sources of scientific literature, including the PubMed platform. The keywords used are hair loss, androgenetic alopecia, hair transplantation, platelet-rich plasma, PRP therapy. Results. The mechanism of action of the PRP therapy in androgenic alopecia is a complex multi-stage process involving growth factors and suppression of apoptosis. This method is not a substitute for hair transplantation but can shorten the treatment time, improve the quality of grafts, and provide a better result after hair transplantation considering the adherence to standard recommendations and possible synergistic effects in combination therapy for hair loss.

The study aims to clarify the pathogenetic factors of ischemia/reperfusion syndrome in critical conditions. Material and methods. The 122 open scientific publications in Pubmed, Medline, Embase, and e-Library.ru databases are analyzed. Data from 44 articles are included in the study. Results. The review presents modern literary data on ischemia/reperfusion syndrome, clarifying pathogenetic factors that determine the main damaging determinants. The authors draw attention to the factors influencing the severity of reperfusion damage, with an emphasis on the role of the oxygen paradox of reperfusion, potentiating free-radical oxidation in the presence of free iron ions, and damage to the respiratory chain of mitochondria. These factors, according to research, are the basis of the development of endothelial dysfunction, which causes the formation of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in a number of critical conditions.

The study aims to study the contribution of the systemic inflammatory response to the development of premature labor in pregnant women with HIV living in the territory of Ugra. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the course of gestation and its outcomes in 106 HIV-negative and positive pregnant women is made. These patients contacted Women’s Health Organizations in the city of Surgut in 2016–2018. Control group I consisted of 20 case histories of pregnant women without HIV. The main group II included medical histories of 81 HIV-positive pregnant patients, including 65 women with childbirth after 37 weeks of gestation (subgroup IIA), and 16 women with childbirth before 37 weeks of gestation (subgroup IIB). During the analysis, five cases with inevitable miscarriage and missed abortion up to 22 weeks are identified and excluded. The control group (group I) consisted of 20 cases of pregnant women without HIV. Clinical and anamnestic data, analysis of the course of pregnancy and its outcomes, laboratory blood parameters, including the T cells, leukocytes, white blood cell differential, leukocytes intoxication index, and viral load are compared. The results are processed using the Statistica-10 software system. The critical level of statistical significance is taken at p <0.05. Results. In the group II in women with premature labor and HIV affected by prolonged viremia, a cytopathic effect of the virus on CD4 + cells and a change in the white blood cells towards agranulocytes (lymphocytes) were noted. Long-term immune activation with an increasing loss of the T cells could contribute to the formation of additional bacterial infection of the placenta and its structures, activation of the systemic inflammatory response, release of inflammatory mediators, and prostaglandins, and triggering of premature labor.

The study aims to review current data on the characteristics of etiopathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnostics, and treatment of congenital epidermolysis bullosa. Material and methods. The publications of foreign and Russian scientists, as well as clinical recommendations from various sources of scientific literature, located in the databases of Scopus, PubMed, CyberLeninka, and others, are analyzed. Search keywords are epidermolysis bullosa, genetic disease, stem cells, and children. The search depth is ten years. Results. According to the literature, classification, clinical picture, diagnostics, as well as the latest achievements in the field of the orphan disease are presented. Epidermolysis bullosa is a rare genetically mediated disease, with a frequency of occurrence from 1: 30,000 to 1: 1,000,000 depending on the population. This disease occurs as a result of mutations in 18 genes encoding proteins located in different layers of the skin.