ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE DURING THE FIRST WEEK OF LIFE OF PREMATURE INFANTS WITH EXTREMELY LOW BIRTH BODY WEIGHT AND THEIR SURVIVAL

The study aims to detect the patterns of electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium) content in the blood serum during the first week of life of infants with extremely low birth body weight, and to determine the effect
electrolyte disorders produce on their survival. Material and methods. 141 infants with gestational age up to 34 weeks have been examined for the electrolyte balance during the first week of life. The study was conducted in the Department of Reanimation and Intensive Therapy for Infants of the District Clinical Hospital in Khanty-Mansiysk for the period of 2015–2020. The main group included 79 infants with extremely low birth body weight of 480–998 g (Me = 795 [662.5; 923.0]) and gestational age of 23–29 weeks (Me = 26 [25; 27]). The comparison group included 62 infants with very low birth body weight of 1000–1500 g (Me = 1255 [1152.5; 1397.75]) and gestational age of 26–34 weeks (Me = 30 [28; 30]). The K+, Ca2+, Na+ ions content in capillary blood serum was assessed with the ionselective ionizer ABL800 FLEX RADIOMETER (Denmark). Results. Electrolyte imbalance in the blood during the first 72 hours of life in the form of severe hyponatremia (32 %), hypocalcaemia (16 %), and hyperpo-tassemia (7.8 %) were typical for infants with extremely low body weight. The next 4–7 days of life of these infants were noted with high occurrence of hypernatremia (30 %) with statistically significant decrease of occurrence of hyponatremia (23 %, p = 0.01), preservation of hyperpotas-semia, and absence of stabilization of electrolyte level by the 7th day of life. Water-electrolyte imbalance in these infants is due to the high loss of water and reduced kidney function. Severe hyponatremia and hyperpotassemia during the first week of life lead to the increased mortality among infants with extremely low birth body weight.

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