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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">surgumed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник СурГУ. Медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik SurGU. Meditsina</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-3447</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Сургутский государственный университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35266/2949-3447-2026-1-12</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">surgumed-992</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИКО-БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ. ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LIFE SCIENCES. ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ДИНАМИКА ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТИ И ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ СТРУКТУРЫ SARS-COV-2 И ВИРУСОВ ГРИППА У НАСЕЛЕНИЯ МОСКВЫ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MORBIDITY DYNAMICS AND GENETIC ANALYSIS OF SARS-COV-2 AND INFLUENZA VIRUSES STRUCTURE IN MOSCOW POPULATION</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Домкин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Domkin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-эпидемиолог</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Epidemiologist</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5387-5554</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хомякова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khomyakova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khomyakova</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kate.hom@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8099-6877</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербакова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbakova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Sciences (Biology), Senior Researcher</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5267-585X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубанов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubanov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Sciences (Biology), Senior Researcher</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8771-4177</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлева</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovleva</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), Senior Researcher</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2464-7370</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Sciences (Biology), Senior Researcher</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0091-2224</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глотов</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glotov</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, начальник московского геномного центра</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Biology), Head of Moscow Genomic Center</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8597-7125</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комаров</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komarov</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>главный внештатный специалист по клинической лабораторной диагностике, директор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chief Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics Consultant, Head</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский научно-практический центр лабораторных исследований Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Scientific and Practical Center for Laboratory Research of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский научно-практический центр лабораторных исследований Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы, Москва;&#13;
Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток им. И. И. Мечникова, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Scientific and Practical Center for Laboratory Research of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow;&#13;
I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский научно-практический центр лабораторных исследований Департамента здравоохранения города&#13;
Москвы, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Scientific and Practical Center for Laboratory Research of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>1</issue><elocation-id>95–104</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Домкин А.В., Хомякова Е.А., Щербакова А.С., Дубанов А.В., Яковлева Д.А., Чернов А.Н., Глотов О.С., Комаров А.Г., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Домкин А.В., Хомякова Е.А., Щербакова А.С., Дубанов А.В., Яковлева Д.А., Чернов А.Н., Глотов О.С., Комаров А.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Domkin A.V., Khomyakova E.A., Shcherbakova A.S., Dubanov A.V., Yakovleva D.A., Chernov A.N., Glotov O.S., Komarov A.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.surgumed.ru/jour/article/view/992">https://www.surgumed.ru/jour/article/view/992</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – установить генетическую структуру (штаммы, серотипы) коронавируса SARS-CoV‑2, вирусов гриппа, оценить уровень заболеваемости населения Москвы и предложить меры для эффективного управления эпидемиологической ситуацией. У пациентов с симптомами острых респираторных вирусных инфекций отбирали мазки из носоротоглотки для проведения теста полимеразной цепной реакции и высокопроизводительного секвенирования (NGS, MiSeq Illumina, США) на SARS-CoV‑2 и вирусы группа штаммов А, В. Биоинформатический анализ геномных последовательностей проводили с помощью IRMA 1.2.1, BLAST 6 и pangolin. В конце 2021 – начале 2022 г. в генетической структуре заболеваемости COVID‑19 населения Москвы произошла смена сублинии AY штамма дельта SARS-CoV‑2 на сублинию BA штамма Омикрон, что вызвало увеличение заболеваемости до 3 700 человек на 100 тысяч. С конца 2022 по начало 2025 г. инфицированность населения COVID‑19 находилась на уровне 100–500 человек на 100 тысяч, что связано с появлением менее вирулентных сублиний XBB, JN.1, FliRT, KS1, LR1, LF, FL1 штамма Омикрон. В конце 2022 – начале 2023 г. жители Москвы на 64,3–97,6 % были инфицированы штаммом A вируса гриппа (H1N1), но с 23 января 2023 г. доминирующее положение занял штамм В, на долю которого в начале 2023 г. приходилось 52,36–97,37 % всех протестированных образцов. В конце 2023 – начале 2024 г. население Москвы было инфицировано сразу двумя новыми штаммами H3N2 вируса гриппа A/Massachusetts/01/2020 и А/Massachusetts/38/2019. В конце 2024 – начале 2025 г. москвичи были инфицированы новым субклоном штамма A вируса гриппа (H1N1, Hawaii 25/2020), а также штаммом В (Texas). Результаты исследования могут способствовать своевременной модернизации диагностических тест-систем для полимеразной цепной реакции диагностики, подбору штаммов-кандидатов для вакцин и оценке эффективности существующих вакцин и противовирусных препаратов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper aims to define the genetic structure (strains, serotypes) of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses as well as assess the infection rate among the Moscow population and suggest measures for effective management of the epidemiological situation. Patients with upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) symptoms undergo naso-oropharyngeal swabbing procedure. The taken samples are used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing and next generation sequencing (NGS) by means of MiSeq system (Illumina, US) for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza А and В viruses detection. The authors perform a bioinformatic analysis of genome sequences using Iterative Refinement Meta-Assembler (IRMA 1.2.1), Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST 6), and Phylogenetic Assignment of Named Global Outbreak Lineages (PANGOLIN). From late 2021 to early 2022, the genetic structure of COVID-19 diagnosed in Moscow residents changed. Thus, the sublineage BA of the Omicron variant replaced the sublineage AY of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta strain. Consequently, the infection rate rose to 3700 per 100,000 people. Associated with the appearance of less virulent Omicron sublineages (XBB, JN.1, FliRT, KS1, LR1, LF, FL1), the rate between the end of 2022 and the start of 2025 stood at 100–500 per 100,000 individuals. Between late 2022 and early 2023, 64.3–97.6% of the specified population was infected with the H1N1 strain of influenza A. However, since January 23, 2023, the B variant became prevalent, counting 52.36–97.37% of all test swabs in early 2023. From the end of 2023 to the beginning of 2024, Moscow citizens contracted 2 novel H3N2 strains of influenza A: A/Massachusetts/01/2020 and A/Massachusetts/38/2019. From late 2024 to early 2025, Moscow residents were diagnosed with a newly emerged subclone of influenza A strain, i.e. H1N1, Hawaii/25/2020, and the Texas/43/2019 variant of influenza B. The outcomes of this research hold the potential to advance the modernization of PCR-based diagnostic kits, aid in the selection of vaccine strain candidates, and evaluate the effectiveness of established vaccines and antiviral treatments.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острые респираторные вирусные инфекции</kwd><kwd>мониторинг ОРВИ</kwd><kwd>генетическая структура линий коронавируса</kwd><kwd>эпидемиологический надзор</kwd><kwd>ПЦР</kwd><kwd>NGS-секвенирование</kwd><kwd>вирусы гриппа А</kwd><kwd>В</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>upper respiratory tract infections (URTI)</kwd><kwd>URTI monitoring</kwd><kwd>generic structure of coronavirus lineages</kwd><kwd>epidemiological surveillance</kwd><kwd>polymerase chain reaction (PCR)</kwd><kwd>next generation sequencing (NGS)</kwd><kwd>influenza viruses&#13;
А and В</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">статья подготовлена при поддержке Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы в рамках научно-исследовательской работы (№ 125081809569–0 в Единой государственной информационной системе учета научно-исследовательских, опытно-конструкторских и технологических работ) в соответствии с программой «Научное обеспечение столичного здравоохранения» на 2023–2025 годы.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shuaibu B. I., Momodu A., Muhibi M. A. et al. A comparative review on the epidemiology of influenza, COVID-19 and respiratory syncytial viruses // Discover Medicine. 2025. Vol. 2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44337-025-00518-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shuaibu B. I., Momodu A., Muhibi M. A. et al. 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