surgumedВестник СурГУ. МедицинаVestnik SurGU. Meditsina2949-3447Сургутский государственный университет10.35266/2949-3447-2025-1-3surgumed-828Research ArticleКЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА. ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫCLINICAL MEDICINE. REVIEWSРАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТЬ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ФАКТОРЫ РИСКА НЕБЛАГОПРИЯТНЫХ ИСХОДОВ ОСТРЫХ ИНФЕКЦИЙ НИЖНИХ ДЫХАТЕЛЬНЫХ ПУТЕЙ У ДЕТЕЙ ДО 5 ЛЕТPREVALENCE RATE AND CLINICAL RISK FACTORS FOR ADVERSE OUTCOMES OF ACUTE LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION IN CHILDREN UNDER 5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3653-3696УглеваТ. Н.UglevaT. N.

доктор медицинских наук, доцент, профессор

Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Docent, Professor

tatjana.ugleva@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-4281-6888АбидиноваА. А.AbidinovaA. A.

врач-педиатр, аспирант

Pediatrician, Postgraduate

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3452-5975УшаковаО. Н.UshakovaO. N.

участковый врач-педиатр

District Pediatrician

Сургутский государственный университет, СургутРоссияSurgut State University, SurgutRussian FederationОкружная клиническая больница, СургутРоссияDistrict Clinical Hospital, SurgutRussian FederationОкружная клиническая больница, Ханты-МансийскРоссияDistrict Clinical Hospital, Khanty-MansiyskRussian Federation2025030420251813038Copyright © Углева Т.Н., Абидинова А.А., Ушакова О.Н., 20252025Углева Т.Н., Абидинова А.А., Ушакова О.Н.Ugleva T.N., Abidinova A.A., Ushakova O.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.surgumed.ru/jour/article/view/828

Цель состояла в систематизации клинических исследований для выявления наиболее значимых предикторов неблaгоприятных исходов при остpых инфекциях нижних дыхательных путей у детей, вызванных распространенными возбудителями. Проведен аналитический обзор научной литературы за последние 10 лет (2014–2024), охватывающий ведущие базы данных PubMed, Global Health и РИНЦ. В рамках анализа рассматривались когортные исследования, систематические обзоры и метаанализ, а также клинические отчеты. К неблагоприятным исходам были причислены: потребность в кислородотерапии, перевод на искусственную вентиляцию легких, госпитализация в отделение интенсивной терапии, продолжительное стационарное лечение (свыше 5 дней) и смертельные случаи. Основные результаты:1. Установлены основополагающие предрасполагающие условия для осложненного течения респираторнo-синцитиальной вируcной инфекции, гpиппа, мeтапневмoвирусных и COVID‑19-инфекций. К ним относятся: хронические сопутствующие заболевания (бронхолегочная дисплазия, сердечно-сосудистые и неврологические нарушения, недостаточность питания, анемии); врожденные пороки развития сердца; недоношенность; синдром Дауна; возраст до 1 года жизни, а также муковисцидоз и дефицит витамина D как значимые факторы риска для детей в возрасте до пяти лет с тяжелой формой респираторнo-синцитиальной вируcной инфекции.2. Анализ по возрастным группам: установлены группы повышенного риска, особенно уязвимые к развитию тяжелых форм инфекций. Это подчеркивает необходимость приоритетной профилактики (включая вакцинацию против респираторнo-синцитиальной вируcной инфекции и гриппа); ранней диагностики для минимизации негативных последствий. Проведенный анализ акцентирует внимание на важности комплексного подхода к предупреждению опасных осложнений при oстрых респираторных инфeкциях у детей.

The aim is to systematize clinical studies to identify the most significant predictors of adverse outcomes in acute lower respiratory tract infections in children caused by common pathogens. Analytical review of scientific literature is carried out in PubMed, Global Health and RINC databases examining the past 10 years (2014–2024). The analysis considers cohort studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, as well as clinical reports. Adverse outcomes include: the need for oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, hospitalization with a stay in intensive care units, long-term inpatient treatment (over 5 days) and mortality. Key findings:1. The underlying conditions that predispose to a complicated course of respiratory syncytial virus infection, Influenza, metapneumovirus and COVID-19 have been established. These conditions include chronic comorbidities (bronchopulmonary dysplasia, cardiovascular and neurological disorders, nutritional deficiencies, anaemia); congenital malformations of the heart; prematurity; Down syndrome; being under 1 year of age, as well as mucoviscidosis, vitamin D deficiency as significant risk factors for children under 5 years with severe respiratory syncytial virus infection.2. Analysis by age group reveals high-risk groups, particularly vulnerable to the development of severe infections. This highlights the need for priority prevention (including vaccination against respiratory syncytial virus infection and influenza) and early diagnosis to minimise negative outcomes. The analysis highlights the importance of a comprehensive approach to prevent serious complications in acute respiratory infections in children.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.